{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T14:34:04Z","timestamp":1784298844637,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,6]],"date-time":"2021-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625529600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vet Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Lacrimal gland tumors (LGTs) in dogs and cats are rare neoplasms that can affect either the nictitans (NLG) or the main lacrimal gland (MLG). A consistent classification scheme for canine and feline LGTs is lacking; however, the importance of a classification scheme for LGTs has been emphasized in the human literature, and an update to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification has recently been published. The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of different subtypes of canine and feline LGTs in accordance with the human WHO classification system. Epithelial LGTs ( n = 46 tumors; 38 dogs, 8 cats) were reviewed and immunophenotyping for p63, CK14, SMA, calponin, CKAE1\/AE3, and CK19 was performed. Consistent with previous literature reports, lacrimal carcinomas outnumbered adenomas in dogs and cats. Based on the WHO classification of human LGTs, the most common subtypes identified in dogs were pleomorphic, ductal, adenoid cystic, and epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma. In cats, a lower number of subtypes was observed, and adenocarcinoma \u201cnot otherwise specified\u201d (NOS) was the most frequent diagnosis. An uncommon case of feline epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma was also observed. The application of the human WHO-LGT classification scheme to canine and feline tumors increased the diversity of diagnoses and allowed for the identification of numerous subtypes. Further studies to identify possible correlations between pathological subtypes and prognosis are warranted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/03009858211025791","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,6]],"date-time":"2021-07-06T05:02:10Z","timestamp":1625547730000},"page":"935-944","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Epithelial lacrimal gland tumors in dogs and cats: Is the human WHO classification appropriate for animals?"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"58","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9195-4085","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiara","family":"Giudice","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6511-4071","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Nordio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy"},{"name":"Clinica Privata San Marco, Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Micol","family":"Cadonici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Novella","family":"Perelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3541-1339","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario","family":"Caniatti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-03009858211025791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjopt.2013.12.007"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr2-03009858211025791","first-page":"159","volume":"6","author":"Andreasen S","year":"2017","journal-title":"Asia-Pacific J Ophthalmol (Phila)"},{"key":"bibr3-03009858211025791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2020.101230"},{"key":"bibr4-03009858211025791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ICU.0b013e32830b13e1"},{"key":"bibr5-03009858211025791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2014.04.011"},{"key":"bibr6-03009858211025791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12273"},{"key":"bibr7-03009858211025791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5858\/2010-0336-CP.1"},{"key":"bibr8-03009858211025791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12501"},{"key":"bibr9-03009858211025791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-7020-2797-0.00007-2"},{"key":"bibr10-03009858211025791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.eye.6700323"},{"key":"bibr11-03009858211025791","volume-title":"Histologic Basis of Ocular Disease in Animals","author":"Grahn B","year":"2019"},{"key":"bibr12-03009858211025791","first-page":"148","volume-title":"WHO Classification of Tumours of the Eye","author":"Grossniklaus HE","year":"2018","edition":"4"},{"key":"bibr13-03009858211025791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.1994.143"},{"key":"bibr14-03009858211025791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-5224.2004.00323.x"},{"key":"bibr15-03009858211025791","first-page":"945","volume-title":"Veterinary Ophthalmology","author":"Hendrix DVH","year":"2013","edition":"5"},{"key":"bibr16-03009858211025791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1354\/vp.37-4-353"},{"key":"bibr17-03009858211025791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-9071.2005.01043.x"},{"key":"bibr18-03009858211025791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/01676830.2012.678921"},{"key":"bibr19-03009858211025791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5326\/15473317-33-4-333"},{"key":"bibr20-03009858211025791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40610-015-0020-4"},{"issue":"7","key":"bibr21-03009858211025791","first-page":"820","volume":"193","author":"McLaughlin SA","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"bibr22-03009858211025791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2005.04.029"},{"key":"bibr23-03009858211025791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2015.03.001"},{"key":"bibr24-03009858211025791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncy.22288"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr25-03009858211025791","first-page":"155","volume":"1","author":"Nazeer J","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Dent Health Sci"},{"key":"bibr26-03009858211025791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21608\/bvmj.2016.31277"},{"issue":"6","key":"bibr27-03009858211025791","first-page":"481","volume":"105","author":"Ni C","year":"1992","journal-title":"Chin Med J"},{"key":"bibr28-03009858211025791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ico.0000247220.18295.d3"},{"key":"bibr29-03009858211025791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12288"},{"key":"bibr30-03009858211025791","first-page":"58","volume-title":"Veterinary Ophthalmology","author":"Samuelson DA","year":"2013","edition":"5"},{"key":"bibr31-03009858211025791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2019.11.002"},{"key":"bibr32-03009858211025791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IOP.0b013e3182833dee"},{"key":"bibr33-03009858211025791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.2012.02402.x"},{"key":"bibr34-03009858211025791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/104063870101300211"},{"key":"bibr35-03009858211025791","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2009.209"},{"issue":"12","key":"bibr36-03009858211025791","first-page":"1549","volume":"193","author":"Wilcock B","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/03009858211025791","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/03009858211025791","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/03009858211025791","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T19:02:08Z","timestamp":1777662128000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/03009858211025791"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,6]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/03009858211025791"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/03009858211025791","relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-9858","1544-2217"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-9858","type":"print"},{"value":"1544-2217","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,6]]}}}