{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T18:31:45Z","timestamp":1777919505495,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,12]],"date-time":"2023-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694476800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vet Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic required the immediate need to transfer inactivated tissue from biosafety level (BSL)-3 to BSL-1 areas to enable downstream analytical methods. No validated SARS-CoV-2 inactivation protocols were available for either formaldehyde (FA)-fixed or glutaraldehyde (GA)-fixed tissues. Therefore, representative tissue from ferrets and hamsters was spiked with 2.2 \u00d7 10\n                    <jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>\n                    tissue culture infectious dose 50% per ml (TCID\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    \/ml) SARS-CoV-2 or were obtained from mice experimentally infected with SARS-CoV-2. SARS-CoV-2 inactivation was demonstrated with 4% FA or 5% GA at room temperature for 72 hours by a titer reduction of up to 10\n                    <jats:sup>3.8<\/jats:sup>\n                    TCID\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    \/ml in different animal tissues with a maximum protein content of 100 \u00b5g\/mg and a thickness of up to 10 mm for FA and 8 mm for GA. Our protocols can be easily adapted for validating the inactivation of other pathogens to allow for the transfer of biological samples from BSL-3 areas to BSL-1 laboratories.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/03009858231197128","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,12]],"date-time":"2023-09-12T07:46:37Z","timestamp":1694504797000},"page":"201-206","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["SARS-CoV-2 inactivation in laboratory animal tissues with 4% formaldehyde or 5% glutaraldehyde for transfer to biosafety level 1 laboratories"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Veronika","family":"Pilchov\u00e1","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Elmontaser Mergani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sabrina","family":"Clever","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6277-7366","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Malgorzata","family":"Ciurkiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0922-8189","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kathrin","family":"Becker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7973-7405","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ingo","family":"Gerhauser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Baumg\u00e4rtner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Asisa","family":"Volz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maren","family":"von K\u00f6ckritz-Blickwede","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4614-618X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia","family":"Schulz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-03009858231197128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v10030126"},{"key":"bibr2-03009858231197128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2505.180928"},{"key":"bibr3-03009858231197128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00123371"},{"key":"bibr4-03009858231197128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/his.2001.24.3.173"},{"key":"bibr5-03009858231197128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/33.8.3894502"},{"issue":"5","key":"bibr6-03009858231197128","first-page":"303","volume":"12","author":"Sun HW","year":"1990","journal-title":"Paediatr Dent"},{"key":"bibr7-03009858231197128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1551929500057060"},{"key":"bibr8-03009858231197128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/mps4010018"},{"key":"bibr9-03009858231197128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5851\/kosfa.2014.34.2.214"},{"key":"bibr10-03009858231197128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2020.1127"},{"issue":"8","key":"bibr11-03009858231197128","first-page":"405","volume":"100","author":"McDowell EM","year":"1976","journal-title":"Arch Pathol &Amp; Lab Med"},{"key":"bibr12-03009858231197128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M310752200"},{"key":"bibr13-03009858231197128","volume-title":"Konservierungsmethoden in der Tieranatomie: eine Literaturstudie","author":"Oehme Y.","year":"2016"},{"key":"bibr14-03009858231197128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10561-020-09869-6"},{"key":"bibr15-03009858231197128","unstructured":"Rolls G. 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Accessed August 17, 2023. https:\/\/www.leicabiosystems.com\/en-de\/knowledge-pathway\/fixation-and-fixatives-2-factors-influencing-chemical-fixation-formaldehyde-and-glutaraldehyde\/."},{"key":"bibr16-03009858231197128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.17.1.19"},{"key":"bibr17-03009858231197128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-029X.102496"},{"key":"bibr18-03009858231197128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2818.1932.tb01862.x"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr19-03009858231197128","first-page":"50","volume":"68","author":"Yilmaz A","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch F\u00fcr Gefl\u00fcgelkd"},{"key":"bibr20-03009858231197128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11684-020-0754-0"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/03009858231197128","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/03009858231197128","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/03009858231197128","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T19:04:42Z","timestamp":1777662282000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/03009858231197128"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,12]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/03009858231197128"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/03009858231197128","relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-9858","1544-2217"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-9858","type":"print"},{"value":"1544-2217","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,12]]}}}