{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T18:31:51Z","timestamp":1777919511296,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698796800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vet Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Vulvo-vaginal epithelial tumors are uncommon in mares, and data on the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the tumor-immune microenvironment (TIME) are still lacking. This is a study investigating the equus caballus papillomavirus type 2 (EcPV2) infection state as well as the EMT process and the tumor microenvironment in vulvo-vaginal preneoplastic\/ benign (8\/22) or malignant (14\/22) epithelial lesions in mares. To do this, histopathological, immunohistochemical, transcriptomic, in situ hybridization, and correlation analyses were carried out. Immunohistochemistry quantification showed that cytoplasmic E-cadherin and \u03b2-catenin expression as well as nuclear \u03b2-catenin expression were features of malignant lesions, while benign\/preneoplastic lesions were mainly characterized by membranous E-cadherin and \u03b2-catenin expression. Despite this, there were no differences between benign and malignant equine vulvo-vaginal lesions in the expression of downstream genes involved in the canonical and noncanonical wnt\/\u03b2-catenin pathways. In addition, malignant lesions were characterized by a lower number of cells with cytoplasmic cytokeratin expression as well as a slightly higher cytoplasmic vimentin immunolabeling. The TIME of malignant lesions was characterized by more numerous CD204\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    M2-polarized macrophages. Altogether, our results support the hypothesis that some actors in TIME such as CD204\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    M2-polarized macrophages may favor the EMT process in equine vulvo-vaginal malignant lesions providing new insights for future investigations in the field of equine EcPV2-induced genital neoplastic lesions.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/03009858231207025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T06:58:00Z","timestamp":1698821880000},"page":"366-381","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Vulvo-vaginal epithelial tumors in mares: A preliminary investigation on epithelial-mesenchymal transition and tumor-immune microenvironment"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"61","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2578-4409","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federico","family":"Armando","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2882-6739","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilaria","family":"Porcellato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8876-1853","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Livia","family":"de Paolis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy"},{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle D\u2019Aosta, Genova, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samanta","family":"Mecocci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4660-3336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benedetta","family":"Passeri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Parma, Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6277-7366","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Ciurkiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Mechelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Grazia De Ciucis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle D\u2019Aosta, Genova, Italy"},{"name":"University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marzia","family":"Pezzolato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle D\u2019Aosta, Genova, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4054-645X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Floriana","family":"Fruscione","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle D\u2019Aosta, Genova, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4812-3216","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiara","family":"Brachelente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vittoria","family":"Montemurro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle D\u2019Aosta, Genova, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katia","family":"Cappelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2592-6868","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christina","family":"Puff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Baumg\u00e4rtner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Ghelardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ospedale Apuane, Massa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elisabetta","family":"Razzuoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle D\u2019Aosta, Genova, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-03009858231207025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2020-000563"},{"key":"bibr2-03009858231207025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani10122318"},{"key":"bibr3-03009858231207025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci10010019"},{"key":"bibr4-03009858231207025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms221910588"},{"key":"bibr5-03009858231207025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0014-x"},{"key":"bibr6-03009858231207025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2022.106227"},{"key":"bibr7-03009858231207025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-12-35"},{"key":"bibr8-03009858231207025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/420891"},{"key":"bibr9-03009858231207025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgn216"},{"key":"bibr10-03009858231207025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5829.2011.00313.x"},{"key":"bibr11-03009858231207025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkw126"},{"key":"bibr12-03009858231207025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2017.06.018"},{"key":"bibr13-03009858231207025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000343758"},{"key":"bibr14-03009858231207025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.940164"},{"key":"bibr15-03009858231207025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drup.2020.100715"},{"key":"bibr16-03009858231207025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.686792"},{"key":"bibr17-03009858231207025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985820941266"},{"key":"bibr18-03009858231207025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12123674"},{"key":"bibr19-03009858231207025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2016.05.020"},{"key":"bibr20-03009858231207025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-020-00280-x"},{"key":"bibr21-03009858231207025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2018.03.004"},{"key":"bibr22-03009858231207025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1615\/CritRevImmunol.2014010267"},{"key":"bibr23-03009858231207025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2020.09.024"},{"key":"bibr24-03009858231207025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40425-019-0712-z"},{"key":"bibr25-03009858231207025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2021-003671"},{"key":"bibr26-03009858231207025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2008.09.869"},{"key":"bibr27-03009858231207025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13046-018-0981-2"},{"key":"bibr28-03009858231207025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm3758"},{"key":"bibr29-03009858231207025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13046-018-1003-0"},{"key":"bibr30-03009858231207025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.2013.69"},{"key":"bibr31-03009858231207025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biology10030244"},{"key":"bibr32-03009858231207025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985815593349"},{"key":"bibr33-03009858231207025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10911-010-9178-9"},{"key":"bibr34-03009858231207025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9112364"},{"key":"bibr35-03009858231207025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2020.06.003"},{"key":"bibr36-03009858231207025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2022.878949"},{"key":"bibr37-03009858231207025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2013.273"},{"key":"bibr38-03009858231207025","first-page":"833","volume":"50","author":"Santos ED","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Sci Vet"},{"key":"bibr39-03009858231207025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdq292"},{"key":"bibr40-03009858231207025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.2010.00311.x"},{"key":"bibr41-03009858231207025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-19-3147"},{"key":"bibr42-03009858231207025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985817750457"},{"key":"bibr43-03009858231207025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2746\/095777309X390551"},{"key":"bibr44-03009858231207025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/his.12057"},{"key":"bibr45-03009858231207025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2018.09.004"},{"key":"bibr46-03009858231207025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2017.05.007"},{"key":"bibr47-03009858231207025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-20-4459"},{"key":"bibr48-03009858231207025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2020.00486"},{"issue":"6","key":"bibr49-03009858231207025","first-page":"2767","volume":"39","author":"Taniyama D","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet J"},{"key":"bibr50-03009858231207025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2009.11.007"},{"key":"bibr51-03009858231207025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12929-022-00866-3"},{"key":"bibr52-03009858231207025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3292.2010.00216.x"},{"key":"bibr53-03009858231207025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.2010.00290.x"},{"key":"bibr54-03009858231207025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.000455"},{"key":"bibr55-03009858231207025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvr.2021.200226"},{"key":"bibr56-03009858231207025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13277-014-2537-1"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/03009858231207025","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/03009858231207025","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/03009858231207025","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T19:04:50Z","timestamp":1777662290000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/03009858231207025"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/03009858231207025"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/03009858231207025","relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-9858","1544-2217"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-9858","type":"print"},{"value":"1544-2217","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]]}}}