{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T17:43:03Z","timestamp":1787679783406,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,28]],"date-time":"2023-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701129600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vet Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Disease monitoring of amphibian assurance populations is an important buffer against ongoing global extinctions. This study documents a high incidence of neoplasia in a zoo-managed assurance population of Puerto Rican crested toads ( Peltophryne lemur; PRCTs). Over 5 years, neoplasia was diagnosed in 17\/49 (35%) submitted adult PRCTs and was the cause of death or euthanasia in 13\/17 (72%). Most toads were male (16\/17; 94%) and 6 to 11-years-old (average 8.1 years). Notably, seven toads (41%) had multiple neoplasms. Of the 29 neoplasms identified, 17 (59%) were cutaneous or subcutaneous. The most common neoplasms included mast cell tumors (MCTs; 8\/29; 28%), histiocytic sarcomas (6\/29; 21%), lymphoma\/leukemia (4\/29; 14%), and squamous cell carcinomas (3\/29; 10%). Distant metastases were documented in 6\/8 (75%) toads with MCTs. Causes for neoplasia in this population were not determined though may include genetic or environmental factors. Continued investigations of managed endangered amphibians will help elucidate mechanisms of carcinogenesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/03009858231214029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,29]],"date-time":"2023-11-29T02:28:09Z","timestamp":1701224889000},"page":"482-487","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Neoplasia in an assurance population of Puerto Rican crested toads (\n                    <i>Peltophryne lemur<\/i>\n                    )"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"61","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1075-3976","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sierra M.","family":"Imanse","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Illinois, Brookfield, IL"},{"name":"Antech Diagnostics, Fountain Valley, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5357-6607","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caitlin E.","family":"Burrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Illinois, Brookfield, IL"},{"name":"University of Georgia, Athens, GA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah A.","family":"Cannizzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fort Worth Zoo, Fort Worth, TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tara S.","family":"Reilly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fort Worth Zoo, Fort Worth, TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimberly L.","family":"Rainwater","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fort Worth Zoo, Fort Worth, TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8465-9958","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martha A.","family":"Delaney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Illinois, Brookfield, IL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-03009858231214029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.17-0197"},{"key":"bibr2-03009858231214029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-386037-8.00006-5"},{"key":"bibr3-03009858231214029","volume-title":"2nd International Wildlife Reintroduction Conference ePoster","author":"Barber D","year":"2018"},{"key":"bibr4-03009858231214029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10592-008-9782-z"},{"key":"bibr5-03009858231214029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004410051045"},{"key":"bibr6-03009858231214029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/zoo.21168"},{"key":"bibr7-03009858231214029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-199706000-00001"},{"key":"bibr8-03009858231214029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01635589209514219"},{"key":"bibr9-03009858231214029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1638\/06-015.1"},{"key":"bibr10-03009858231214029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004320050262"},{"key":"bibr11-03009858231214029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5818\/19-09-212.1"},{"key":"bibr12-03009858231214029","first-page":"78","volume-title":"AAZV 49th Annual Conference Proceedings","author":"Howard J","year":"2017"},{"key":"bibr13-03009858231214029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2305\/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T54345A172692429.en"},{"key":"#cr-split#-bibr14-03009858231214029.1","unstructured":"Lentini A. 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