{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T07:16:30Z","timestamp":1793171790879,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]],"date-time":"2024-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vet Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Neurobrucellosis is a shared condition of cetaceans and humans. However, the pathogenesis and immune response in cetacean neurobrucellosis has not been extensively studied. In this multicentric investigation, 21 striped dolphin (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Stenella coeruleoalba<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) neurobrucellosis (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Brucella ceti<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) cases diagnosed over a 10-year period (2012-2022) were retrospectively evaluated. For each case, morphological changes were assessed by evaluating 21 histological parameters. Furthermore, the immunohistochemical expression of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Brucella<\/jats:italic>\n                    antigen, glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP), and a selection of inflammatory cell (IBA-1, CD3, and CD20) and cytokine (tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-\u03b1], interferon-gamma [IFN-\u03b3], interleukin [IL]-1\u03b2, IL-2, and IL-6) markers were investigated. Inflammation of the leptomeninges, ependyma, and\/or choroid plexus was lymphohistiocytic, containing macrophages\/microglia (IBA-1+), T-cells (CD3+), and B-cells (CD20+) in equal proportion. B-cells occasionally formed tertiary follicles. GFAP expression showed astrocytosis in most cases. Expression of TNF-\u03b1, IFN-\u03b3, and IL-2 indicated an intense proinflammatory response, stimulating both macrophages and T-cells. Our results showed that the inflammation and neuroinflammation in neurobrucellosis of striped dolphins mimic human neurobrucellosis and in vitro and in vivo studies in laboratory animals. Cetacean disease surveillance can be exploited to expand the knowledge of the pathogenesis and immunology of infectious diseases, particularly brucellosis, under a One Health approach.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/03009858241250336","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,18]],"date-time":"2024-05-18T02:55:15Z","timestamp":1716000915000},"page":"226-236","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Neurobrucellosis (\n                    <i>Brucella ceti<\/i>\n                    ) in striped dolphins (\n                    <i>Stenella coeruleoalba<\/i>\n                    ): Immunohistochemical studies on immune response and neuroinflammation"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4304-2713","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agust\u00edn","family":"Rebollada-Merino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Giorda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Organisation for Animal Health Collaborating Centre for the Health of Marine Mammals, Italian National Reference Centre for Diagnostic Activities in Stranded Marine Mammals (C.Re.Di.Ma), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d\u2019Aosta, Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mart\u00ed","family":"Pumarola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament de Medicina i 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