{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T18:32:21Z","timestamp":1777919541787,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]],"date-time":"2024-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722297600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Project H2020 VACDIVA \u2013 \u201cA Safe DIVA vaccine for African Swine Fever control and eradication\u201d","award":["862874"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["862874"]}]},{"name":"ministerio de ciencia e innovaci\u00f3n","award":["RYC2022-038060-I"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RYC2022-038060-I"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004895","name":"Fondo Social Europeo Plus","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004895","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vet Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>To understand the clinicopathological forms of African swine fever (ASF) in wild boar, it is crucial to possess a basic knowledge of the biological characteristics of the currently circulating ASF virus isolates. The aim of this work is to establish an accurate and comprehensive histopathologic grading system to standardize the assessment of the ASF lesions in wild boar. The study evaluated the differences between animals infected with a high virulence genotype II isolate (Arm07) (HVI) through intramuscular (IM) (n = 6) and contact-infected (n = 12) routes, alongside those orally infected with a low virulence isolate (Lv17\/WB\/Riel) (LVI) (n = 6). The assessment included clinical (CS), macroscopic (MS), and histopathologic (HS) scores, as well as viral loads in blood and tissues by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Tissues examined included skin, lymph nodes, bone marrow, palatine tonsil, lungs, spleen, liver, kidneys, thymus, heart, adrenal glands, pancreas, urinary bladder, brain, and gastrointestinal and reproductive tracts. The HVI group exhibited a 100% mortality rate with elevated CS, MS, and HS values. Animals infected by contact (CS = 12; MS = 58.5; HS = 112) and those intramuscularly infected (CS = 14.8; MS = 47; HS = 104) demonstrated similar values, indicating that the route of infection does not decisively influence the severity of clinical and pathological signs. The LVI group showed a 0% mortality rate, an inconspicuous clinical form, minimal lesions (CS = 0; MS = 12; HS = 29), and a lower viral load. Histopathologic evaluation has proven valuable in advancing our comprehension of ASF pathogenesis in wild boar and paves the groundwork for further research investigating protective mechanisms in vaccinated animals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/03009858241266944","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]],"date-time":"2024-07-30T07:32:21Z","timestamp":1722324741000},"page":"928-942","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Histopathologic evaluation system of African swine fever in wild boar infected with high (Arm07) and low virulence (Lv17\/WB\/Riel) isolates"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"61","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2876-8850","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"N\u00e9stor","family":"Porras","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 M.","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Vizca\u00edno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4066-8454","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 \u00c1.","family":"Barasona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8968-0836","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"G\u00f3mez-Buend\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Estefan\u00eda","family":"Cadenas-Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Bertos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-03009858241266944","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.001049"},{"key":"bibr2-03009858241266944","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.12695"},{"key":"bibr3-03009858241266944","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens13020130"},{"key":"bibr4-03009858241266944","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.761753"},{"key":"bibr5-03009858241266944","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2019.00137"},{"key":"bibr6-03009858241266944","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2012.10.026"},{"key":"bibr7-03009858241266944","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens9030171"},{"key":"bibr8-03009858241266944","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2404.172127"},{"key":"bibr9-03009858241266944","volume-title":"African Swine Fever (ASF) Vaccine Development: Progress and Challenges","author":"European Commission Joint Research Centre","year":"2023"},{"key":"bibr10-03009858241266944","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1865-1682.2012.01317.x"},{"key":"bibr11-03009858241266944","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1712.110430"},{"key":"bibr12-03009858241266944","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2012.12.018"},{"key":"bibr13-03009858241266944","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00857-15"},{"key":"bibr14-03009858241266944","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.14222"},{"key":"bibr15-03009858241266944","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.13132"},{"key":"bibr16-03009858241266944","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40813-015-0013-y"},{"key":"bibr17-03009858241266944","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2013.09.024"},{"key":"bibr18-03009858241266944","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.13851"},{"key":"bibr19-03009858241266944","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.12881"},{"key":"bibr20-03009858241266944","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-015-2430-2"},{"key":"bibr21-03009858241266944","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.13503"},{"key":"bibr22-03009858241266944","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2019.04.001"},{"key":"bibr23-03009858241266944","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2023.1306320"},{"key":"bibr24-03009858241266944","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01652176.2024.2331525"},{"key":"bibr25-03009858241266944","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vim.2016.0121"},{"key":"bibr26-03009858241266944","unstructured":"R Core Team. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing; 2023. Accessed July 2, 2024. https:\/\/www.R-project.org\/."},{"key":"bibr27-03009858241266944","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens9090688"},{"key":"bibr28-03009858241266944","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2020.00282"},{"key":"bibr29-03009858241266944","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-2427(02)00225-8"},{"key":"bibr30-03009858241266944","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.11.021"},{"key":"bibr31-03009858241266944","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10060768"},{"key":"bibr32-03009858241266944","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2017.12.025"},{"key":"bibr33-03009858241266944","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v11090852"},{"key":"bibr34-03009858241266944","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3920\/978-90-8686-910-7_4"},{"key":"bibr35-03009858241266944","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119350927.ch25"},{"key":"bibr36-03009858241266944","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2014.09.003"},{"key":"bibr37-03009858241266944","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11111386"},{"key":"bibr38-03009858241266944","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v15030729"},{"key":"bibr39-03009858241266944","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens9080662","volume":"9","author":"Sehl-Ewert J","year":"2020","journal-title":"\u201d Pathogens"},{"key":"bibr40-03009858241266944","unstructured":"World Organisation for Animal Health. Terrestrial animal health code. Terrestrial code online access. Accessed February 15, 2023. https:\/\/www.woah.org\/en\/what-we-do\/standards\/codes-and-manuals\/terrestrial-code-online-access\/."},{"key":"bibr41-03009858241266944","unstructured":"World Organisation for Animal Health. World Animal Health Information System. Accessed February 15, 2023. https:\/\/wahis.woah.org\/."},{"key":"bibr42-03009858241266944","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1139494"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/03009858241266944","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/03009858241266944","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/03009858241266944","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T19:05:34Z","timestamp":1777662334000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/03009858241266944"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/03009858241266944"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/03009858241266944","relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-9858","1544-2217"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-9858","type":"print"},{"value":"1544-2217","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]]}}}