{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T18:32:58Z","timestamp":1777919578670,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]],"date-time":"2025-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744329600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vet Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Intestinal dilatation syndrome (IDS) is a poorly described condition affecting layers and breeder hens globally. Its prevalence is increasing, particularly in free-range systems, but the cause remains unknown. This retrospective study examined 35 hens from 3 flocks: free-range flock A (n = 20) and enriched-caged flock B (n = 5), both affected by IDS, and enriched-caged flock C (n = 10), with no history of IDS. Clinicopathological studies were performed on these hens, and metagenomic analysis was conducted on the proventriculus and jejunum of hens from flock A (n = 2) and flock C (n = 2). Based on clinical signs and lesions, 3 progressive stages of IDS were identified. In the first stage, although hens were without clinical signs, proventricular dilatation and lymphoplasmacytic and heterophilic jejunitis and duodenitis were observed. The second stage was marked by cachexia, pale and small combs and wattles, and severe egg production drop. Jejunal dilatation was observed, with microscopic evidence of necrotic, lymphoplasmacytic and heterophilic jejunitis; ganglioneuritis; and mineralization of the jejunal nervous plexuses and subserosal ganglia. In the third stage, spontaneous death occurred due to jejunal volvulus and vascular involvement. Affected hens (stage 2) also exhibited elevated cloacal temperatures (&gt;0.9\u00b0C) and marked heterophilia. Metagenomic analysis identified sequences consistent with\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Megrivirus C<\/jats:italic>\n                    in IDS-affected hens and a disruption of the gut microbiota, with increased abundance of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Fusobacterium mortiferum<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Megamonas funiformis<\/jats:italic>\n                    . In conclusion, this study describes in detail the clinicopathological progression of the IDS and suggests that\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Megrivirus C<\/jats:italic>\n                    , in combination with opportunistic intestinal bacteria, could play a role in the pathogenesis of this disease.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/03009858251331106","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]],"date-time":"2025-04-11T15:37:16Z","timestamp":1744385836000},"page":"740-747","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Clinicopathological progression and molecular characterization of intestinal dilatation syndrome in commercial brown layers"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9723-9004","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c1lex","family":"G\u00f3mez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Patolog\u00eda Animal, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto Agroalimentario de Arag\u00f3n-IA2, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2685-1730","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Largo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Patolog\u00eda Animal, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0844-6026","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Estela","family":"P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Patolog\u00eda Animal, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seraf\u00edn","family":"Garc\u00eda Freire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boehringer Ingelheim Espa\u00f1a, Sant Cugat del Vall\u00e8s, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christiane","family":"Hundehege","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SAN Group Biotech Germany GmbH, Emstek, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Berberich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SAN Group Biotech Germany GmbH, Emstek, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2053-9842","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Llu\u00eds","family":"Luj\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Patolog\u00eda Animal, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto Agroalimentario de Arag\u00f3n-IA2, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diego","family":"Cort\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Patolog\u00eda Animal, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain"},{"name":"Ib\u00e9rica de Tecnolog\u00eda Av\u00edcola, IBERTEC SAU, Valladolid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v11080681"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","volume-title":"Avian Histopathology","author":"Abdul-Aziz T","year":"2016","unstructured":"Abdul-Aziz T, Fletcher OJ, Barnes HJ, et al. 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Metagenomic characterisation of avian parvoviruses and picornaviruses from Australian wild ducks. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):1\u201315.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.14918"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","volume-title":"Paper presented at the 2013 American Association of Avian Pathologists, AVMA Annual Meeting","author":"Zavala G","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zavala G, Williams SM, Hoerr F, et al. Clinical presentation and pathology of intestinal dilatation syndrome (IDS) in cage-free brown layer breeders and brown layers. 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