{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T18:33:03Z","timestamp":1777919583966,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]],"date-time":"2025-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747785600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012429","name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PG009641"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PG009641"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012429","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Louisiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory (LADDL), Louisiana State University","award":["PG009095"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PG009095"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vet Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Several pulmonary lesions have been described in Virginia opossums (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Didelphis virginiana<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), but fungal pneumonia in this species is largely unrecognized. We retrospectively analyzed gross and histologic pulmonary findings in 28 opossums from Louisiana. Lung sections were evaluated for fungal organisms, associated histologic changes, and other concurrent pulmonary lesions. Seventy-five percent of opossums (21\/28) had pulmonary fungal organisms, and gross lesions were characteristic, consisting of patchy to generalized, indistinct, pinpoint, light-yellow parenchymal foci. These areas corresponded to alveoli filled with foamy macrophages and multinucleated giant cells that contained distinctive intracytoplasmic budding cells, which were 3 to 5 \u00d7 2 \u00b5m, ovoid to elongate, and argyrophilic, as well as rare pleomorphic fungal hyphae.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Purpureocillium lilacinum<\/jats:italic>\n                    was identified based on pulmonary fungal isolation and\/or fungal internal transcribed spacer 2 (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">ITS-2<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing in a subset of cases. Other findings included verminous pneumonia (13\/28, 46%), pulmonary neoplasms (7\/28, 25%), bacterial pneumonia (5\/28, 18%), and endogenous lipid pneumonia (2\/28, 7%). The histologic severity of fungal infections was significantly positively correlated with gross lesion severity and abundance of alveolar macrophages (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    -values both &lt; .0001). Identification of fungal pneumonia was as likely as verminous pneumonia, and fungal pneumonia was significantly more severe in opossums with concurrent verminous pneumonia (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = .0011). Despite the pulmonary changes, respiratory signs were rarely noted, even in severely affected cases. This is the first report associating\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P. lilacinum<\/jats:italic>\n                    with fungal pneumonia in opossums from Louisiana. The characteristic gross and histologic lesions should prompt diagnosticians to closely evaluate for fungal organisms and consider\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P. lilacinum<\/jats:italic>\n                    as a differential diagnosis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/03009858251338845","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]],"date-time":"2025-05-21T05:48:52Z","timestamp":1747806532000},"page":"993-1003","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Pulmonary lesions in Virginia opossums (\n                    <i>Didelphis virginiana<\/i>\n                    ): Characterizing fungal pneumonia associated with\n                    <i>Purpureocillium lilacinum<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2724-8001","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naomi","family":"Falconnier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Louisiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory &amp; 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Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Holl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Louisiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory &amp; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cesar","family":"Menk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Louisiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory &amp; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mat\u00edas A.","family":"Dorsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Louisiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory &amp; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luis","family":"Tondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Louisiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory &amp; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Walsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Louisiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory &amp; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7366-4391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ingeborg M.","family":"Langohr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Louisiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory &amp; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA"},{"name":"Sanofi, Cambridge, MA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bianca","family":"de Cecco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Louisiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory &amp; 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