{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T18:52:52Z","timestamp":1793127172746,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761177600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100021039","name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, Ross University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100021039","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vet Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Renal oxalosis has been reported in New and Old-World monkeys. Occasional reports describe a low prevalence of subclinical renal oxalosis, but these typically lack supporting evidence of primary oxalosis or toxicity and may be a natural background lesion. In a retrospective cross-sectional postmortem observation study, 12 of 156 (7.7%) African green monkeys (AGMs) (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Chlorocebus sabaeus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) from the Behavioural Science Foundation (St. Kitts) colony had histological evidence of oxalate-induced nephrosis (renal oxalosis). Histologically, affected tubules from both the cortex and medulla were ectatic; expanded several times normal size; and lined by attenuated, degenerative, regenerative, or necrotic epithelium with intraluminal, pale yellow, translucent, variably shaped, crystals that were birefringent under polarized light (calcium oxalate). The tubules were often surrounded by multinucleated macrophages. To identify independent predictors of renal oxalosis, we fit a multivariable logistic regression model with robust (\u201csandwich\u201d) standard errors, including sex, age, and birth origin, as categorical covariates. Several enrichment food items were found to be oxalate-rich: sweet potato (95.9 mg\/100 g), pumpkin (64.6 mg\/100 g), and bananas (169 mg\/100 g). There was a significant increase in the prevalence of calcium oxalate concretions with age, from 0% in young monkeys to 18.6% in aged individuals, likely due to longer exposure to oxalate-rich produce and a cumulative effect. Due to the large ingestion of oxalate-rich foods, diet is suspected to be a major cause of subclinical oxalosis in the St. Kitts AGM, raising awareness of this potential background finding during their use as laboratory animals in toxicologic and other research studies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/03009858251382150","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T09:38:23Z","timestamp":1761212303000},"page":"334-344","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Renal oxalosis in African green monkeys (\n                    <i>Chlorocebus sabaeus<\/i>\n                    ) in St. Kitts"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Samantha","family":"Zayas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, West Indies"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Beierschmitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, West Indies"},{"name":"St. Kitts Behavioural Science Foundation, Saint Kitts and Nevis"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberta M.","family":"Palmour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St. Kitts Behavioural Science Foundation, Saint Kitts and Nevis"},{"name":"McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick O.","family":"Pithua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, West Indies"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2903-1535","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pompei","family":"Bolfa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, West Indies"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00446731"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfh086"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2010.07.023"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5527\/wjn.v4.i2.235"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(19)32846-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)46073-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-35775-3.00011-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","volume-title":"Oxalate Nephrosis in African Green Monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus)","author":"Castillo-Alcala F","year":"2014","unstructured":"Castillo-Alcala F, Beierschmitt A, Callanan S, et al. Oxalate Nephrosis in African Green Monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus). Atlanta GA: American College of Veterinary Pathology (ACVP) & ASVCP; 2014."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","first-page":"54","volume-title":"Kidney Transplantation","author":"Chapman J.","unstructured":"Chapman J. The recipient of a renal transplant. In:Morris PJ, ed. Kidney Transplantation. 7th ed. Saunders; 2014:54\u201371.","edition":"7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/8.11.2063"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ASN.0000092147.83480.B5"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","article-title":"AJKD atlas of renal pathology: oxalosis","volume":"69","author":"Fogo AB","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fogo AB, Lusco MA, Najafian B, et al. AJKD atlas of renal pathology: oxalosis. 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