{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T08:43:22Z","timestamp":1782895402436,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770336000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP24K09255"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP24K09255"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP24K09278"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP24K09278"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vet Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Chicken lymphomas are generally classified into three virus-induced tumors: Marek\u2019s disease (MD), lymphoid leukosis, and reticuloendotheliosis, with MD being the most common T-cell lymphoma in commercial poultry. In this study, we describe 23 cases of a novel cytotoxic T-cell lymphoma affecting layer chickens aged &gt;1 year in Japan that is distinct from previously known chicken lymphomas. These cases were initially misidentified as MD during routine poultry inspection but were later confirmed as a distinct and novel form of lymphoma. The average incidence of this lymphoma was 0.016%. Histological analysis revealed that the tumors comprised small uniformly round cells that were CD3\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    , CD4\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    , and CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    , indicating a cytotoxic T-cell origin. Investigations using immunohistochemistry,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in situ<\/jats:italic>\n                    hybridization, and polymerase chain reaction ruled out the involvement of known tumor-inducing viruses in the development of these novel lymphomas. These findings confirm the existence of a novel lymphoma type in chickens and provide key histopathological and epidemiological data to aid in definitive diagnosis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/03009858251415311","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T08:21:11Z","timestamp":1770366071000},"page":"625-630","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A novel spontaneous cytotoxic T-cell lymphoma in chickens"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5030-9119","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aoi","family":"Kurokawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Animal Health, Tsukuba, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3825-9627","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Animal Health, Tsukuba, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03079457.2018.1451620"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-022-01620-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","first-page":"89","article-title":"Induction of leukemia in chicken by bovine leukemia virus due to insertional mutagenesis","volume":"60","author":"Altanerova V","year":"1990","unstructured":"Altanerova V, Ban J, Kettmann R, et al. 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