{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T17:15:32Z","timestamp":1788455732180,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778457600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778457600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vet Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Four dogs with neutrophilic cholangitis were identified with intracholangiocytic apicomplexan protozoa. Two cases were biopsies, and both cases had gallbladder involvement. The other two cases were unexpected findings on autopsy. Immunohistochemistry against\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    on all cases labeled the zoites.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Internal transcribed spacer-1<\/jats:italic>\n                    polymerase chain reaction (PCR) performed on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples was successful in the 2 biopsy cases, and subsequent sequencing identified &gt;99% sequence identity to\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Hammondia<\/jats:italic>\n                    sp. Of the biopsied dogs, 1 dog recovered successfully after antiprotozoal treatment while the other dog was euthanized due to poor response. The 2 autopsy cases were given immunosuppressive medication.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Hammondia<\/jats:italic>\n                    are within the Sarcocystidae family of apicomplexan parasites and are closely related to\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Neospora caninum<\/jats:italic>\n                    . This study and the current literature support that\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Hammondia<\/jats:italic>\n                    , specifically\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Hammondia heydorni<\/jats:italic>\n                    , an organism that was previously considered nonpathogenic or minimally pathogenic, can rarely exhibit tropism to the biliary system and cause neutrophilic cholangitis, cholangiohepatitis, and cholecystitis in dogs.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/03009858261449082","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T10:27:09Z","timestamp":1778495229000},"page":"837-841","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Neutrophilic cholangitis associated with intracholangiocytic\n                    <i>Hammondia<\/i>\n                    protozoa confirmed in 2 dogs and suspected in 2 dogs"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5183-3980","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eunju (April)","family":"Choi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Davis, Davis, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7890-4833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Devinn M.","family":"Sinnott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Davis, Davis, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amira A.","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA"},{"name":"Assiut University, Asyut, Egypt"},{"name":"Cornell University, Ithaca, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1870-9945","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anibal G.","family":"Armien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Davis, Davis, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Shapiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Davis, Davis, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manigandan L.","family":"Virapin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cornell University, Ithaca, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182005008814"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.16565"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4017(88)90033-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/793569"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.14866"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vcp.12330"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2007.01465.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0684.1994.tb00288.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2019.00340"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/030098588902600411"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2017.07.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.79.11.1179"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/pao.2015.7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2006.00012.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","first-page":"423","article-title":"Bacterial cholangiohepatitis in a dog","volume":"53","author":"Ramery E","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ramery E, Papakonstantinou S, Pinilla M, et al. 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