{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T17:13:57Z","timestamp":1788369237090,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]],"date-time":"2026-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788048000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]],"date-time":"2026-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788048000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vet Pathol"],"abstract":"\n Hemorrhagic necrotizing pneumonia caused by cytotoxic necrotizing factor-1-positive extraintestinal pathogenic\n Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n (ExPEC) is a rapidly fatal disease in dogs. Lung tissues from 6 client-owned dogs with culture-confirmed ExPEC pneumonia were analyzed using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and fluorescence\n in situ<\/jats:italic>\n hybridization (FISH). Both assays localized\n E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n within pneumocytes, alveolar macrophages, and alveolar spaces. Notably, one case exhibited numerous filamentous\n E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n , representing a stress-induced morphologic adaptation previously unreported in canine ExPEC pneumonia. Recognizing filamentous\n E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n is diagnostically crucial to avoid misidentification as other Gram-negative bacteria. While FISH provided high specificity, IHC offered practical, rapid detection compatible with routine microscopy. Four dogs had recent exposures to high-density facilities (breeding, boarding, or training), suggesting possible environmental transmission. These findings expand the clinicopathologic spectrum of canine ExPEC pneumonia and demonstrate the value of integrating spatial techniques with traditional culture to improve diagnostic accuracy.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/03009858261480631","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T03:40:36Z","timestamp":1788147636000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Detection of\n Escherichia coli<\/i>\n in the lungs of dogs with necrohemorrhagic pneumonia using immunohistochemistry and fluorescence\n in situ<\/i>\n hybridization"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2588-9697","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chi-Hsuan","family":"Sung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas A&M University, College Station, TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2261-281X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula R.","family":"Giaretta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas A&M University, College Station, TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1216-5446","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josu\u00e9","family":"D\u00edaz-Delgado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas A&M Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, College Station, TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9154-8909","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara D.","family":"Lawhon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas A&M University, College Station, TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret","family":"Odom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas A&M Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, College Station, TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9447-8395","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erin E.","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas A&M Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, College Station, TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4258-3219","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian F.","family":"Porter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas A&M University, College Station, TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.56.6.1919-1925.1990"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","first-page":"1673","article-title":"The cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1 (CNF1) from","volume":"39","author":"Boquet P.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Boquet P. The cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1 (CNF1) from Escherichia coli. Toxicon. 2001;39:1673\u20131680.","journal-title":"Escherichia coli. Toxicon"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.162.15.486"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.26848-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/01926233221129233"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2010.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10406387221119712"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0606329104"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2010.0585.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/4301628"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-7012(00)00152-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","article-title":"Sudden deaths of two dogs in a breeding colony associated with enteropathogenic Escherichia coli and necrotoxigenic","volume":"1","author":"Okumura M","year":"2025","unstructured":"Okumura M, Helgert N, Tuohy K, et al. Sudden deaths of two dogs in a breeding colony associated with enteropathogenic Escherichia coli and necrotoxigenic Escherichia coli. ASM Case Reports. 2025;1:e00064\u201300024.","journal-title":"Escherichia coli. ASM Case Reports"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-63121-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1354\/vp.45-1-51"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985813511130"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2019.10.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1863-2378.2007.01067.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2015.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-32287-z"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/03009858261480631","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/03009858261480631","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/03009858261480631","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T16:25:30Z","timestamp":1788366330000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/03009858261480631"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]]},"references-count":19,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/03009858261480631"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/03009858261480631","relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-9858","1544-2217"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-9858","type":"print"},{"value":"1544-2217","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]]},"article-number":"03009858261480631"}}