{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T18:42:47Z","timestamp":1777920167319,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1983,9,1]],"date-time":"1983-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":431222400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vet Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1983,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Macrophage numbers increased in the spleen, liver, testes, heart, and kidney of deer mice infected for seven to ten weeks with Trypanosoma brucei EATRO 110. The macrophages were activated as indicated by their increased size and significant increases in numbers of cell organelles including profiles of rough endoplasmic reticulum (which also increased in length), mitochondria, primary and secondary lysosomes, bundles of Golgi's apparatus, and free lysosomes compared to macrophages from control mice. Some macrophages representing epithelioid cells have even greater numbers of organelles than the activated macrophages and had interdigitation in some locations, such as the heart, but with minimal phagocytic activity. These epithelioid cells were present in the kidney, testes, and particularly in the heart of infected mice. Few cardiac macrophages had finely granular deposits on their nuclear membrane. The activated macrophages had enhanced phagocytosis of trypanosomes. red blood cells, neutrophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, and plasma cells. In addition to phagocytosis, another probable consequence of macrophage activation may be depression of lymphocyte function. Phagocytosis of trypanosomes by neutrophils also was encountered occasionally.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/030098588302000514","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,27]],"date-time":"2010-01-27T01:04:00Z","timestamp":1264554240000},"page":"617-631","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Pathogenesis of\n                    <i>Trypanosoma brucei<\/i>\n                    Infection in Deer Mice (\n                    <i>Peromyscus maniculatus<\/i>\n                    ). V. Macrophage Infrastructure and Function"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"V. O.","family":"Anosa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pathology, University of California, Davis, Calif."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. J.","family":"Kaneko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pathology, University of California, Davis, Calif."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1983,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-030098588302000514","first-page":"164","volume":"84","author":"Adams D.O.","year":"1976","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"bibr2-030098588302000514","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.1978.tb00399.x"},{"key":"bibr3-030098588302000514","unstructured":"Anosa V.O.: The effect of splenectomy on the anemia and parasitaemia of trypanosomiasis. MVM Thesis, The University of Glasgow, 1975."},{"key":"bibr4-030098588302000514","unstructured":"Anosa V.O.: Studies on the mechanisms of anemia and the pathology of\n                      Trypanosoma vivax\n                      (Ziemann 1905) infection of sheep and goats. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Ibadan, 1977."},{"key":"bibr5-030098588302000514","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0450.1980.tb01904.x"},{"key":"bibr6-030098588302000514","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9975(80)90036-5"},{"key":"bibr7-030098588302000514","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-5288(18)32738-3"},{"key":"bibr8-030098588302000514","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9975(77)90063-9"},{"key":"bibr9-030098588302000514","unstructured":"Anosa V.O., Kaneko J.J.: Pathogenesis of\n                      T. brucei\n                      infection in deer mice (\n                      Peromyscus maniculatus\n                      ). I. Hematologic, erythrocyte biochemical and iron metabolic aspects. Am J Vet Res (in press)."},{"key":"bibr10-030098588302000514","unstructured":"Anosa V.O., Kaneko J.J.: Pathogenesis of\n                      T. brucei\n                      infection in deer mice. II. Light and electronmicroscopic studies on erythrocyte pathology. Am J Vet Res (in press)."},{"key":"bibr11-030098588302000514","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-5031-4_1"},{"key":"bibr12-030098588302000514","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2776(08)60443-5"},{"key":"bibr13-030098588302000514","first-page":"122","volume":"29","author":"Corsini A.C.","year":"1977","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"bibr14-030098588302000514","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4894(78)90106-6"},{"key":"bibr15-030098588302000514","first-page":"109","volume":"7","author":"Fredorko M.E.","year":"1972","journal-title":"Semin Hematol"},{"key":"bibr16-030098588302000514","unstructured":"Fundenberg H., Sites D.P., Caldwell J.L., Wells J.V.: Basic and Clinical Immunology. 3rd ed, pp. 134\u2013143. 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