{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T18:45:03Z","timestamp":1777920303830,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1987,1,1]],"date-time":"1987-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":536457600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vet Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1987,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Thirty-nine percent of 1,448 working sheep dogs were affected with varying degrees of multifocal retinal disease on ophthalmoscopic examination. Lesions consisted of localized areas of hyperreflexia in the tapetal fundus, often associated with hyperpigmentation. Severely affected animals had widespread heperreflexia with retinal vascular attenuation. Only 6% of 125 New Zealand dogs raised in urban environment were similarly affected. Both eyes of 70 dogs from New Zealand were examined histologically. Forty-seven of 70 dogs had ocular inflammatory disease. Ten other dogs had noninflammatory eye disease, and 13 dogs had normal eyes. Histologically, eyes with inflammatory disease were divided into three categories: 1) Dogs 3 years of age or less with active inflammatory disease of the retina, uvea, and vitreous. Four dogs in this group had migrating nematode larvae identified morphologically as genus\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Toxocara.<\/jats:italic>\n                    2) Diffuse retinitis and retinal atrophy in conjunction with localized retinal necrosis and choroidal fibrosis. Dogs in this category were severely, clinically affected. 3) Chronic, low-grade retinitis with variable retinal atrophy. Most dogs in this category were over 3 years of age, and many were visually functional. The existence of a definable spectrum of morphological changes associated with inflammation, suggests that\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Toxocara<\/jats:italic>\n                    sp. ocular larva migrans may be the cause of a highly prevalent, potentially blinding syndrome of working sheep dogs in New Zealand.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/030098588702400105","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,13]],"date-time":"2017-01-13T15:00:03Z","timestamp":1484319603000},"page":"22-27","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Multifocal Retinitis in New Zealand Sheep Dogs"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"P. L.","family":"Hughes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Taihape Veterinary Service, Taihape, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R. R.","family":"Dubielzig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison, Madison, WI"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K. R.","family":"Kazacos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Microbiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West LaFayette, IN"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1987,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/030098586600300402"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00480169.1981.34830"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.68.2.89"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.epirev.a036235"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1983.44.12.2347"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_7_1","first-page":"124","article-title":"On the migratory behavior of the larvae of Neoascaris vitulorum (Goeze, 1782) Travassos, 1927 in white mice.","volume":"20","author":"Herlich H","year":"1953","unstructured":"Herlich H: On the migratory behavior of the larvae of Neoascaris vitulorum (Goeze, 1782) Travassos, 1927 in white mice. Proc Helminthol Soc Wash 20: 124, 1953","journal-title":"Proc Helminthol Soc Wash"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_8_1","first-page":"558","article-title":"Studies on larva migrans. (2). Comparative studies on migratory behavior and larval morphology of Toxocara canis and Ascaris suilla, and concerning their reinfectivity.","volume":"8","author":"Ishii T","year":"1959","unstructured":"Ishii T: Studies on larva migrans. (2). Comparative studies on migratory behavior and larval morphology of Toxocara canis and Ascaris suilla, and concerning their reinfectivity. Jap J Parasitol 8: 558, 1959","journal-title":"Jap J Parasitol"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00348668"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_10_1","first-page":"216","article-title":"Ocular toxocariasis: a review of the literature.","volume":"15","author":"Molk R","year":"1983","unstructured":"Molk R: Ocular toxocariasis: a review of the literature. Ann Ophthalmol 15: 216, 1983","journal-title":"Ann Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1982.tb132245.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3274518"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_13_1","first-page":"151","article-title":"Experimental studies on Toxocaris leonina. VI.","volume":"30","author":"Okoshi S","year":"1968","unstructured":"Okoshi S, Usui M: Experimental studies on Toxocaris leonina. VI. Experimental infections of mice, chickens and earthworms with Toxascaris leonina, Toxocara canis and Toxocara catai. Jap V Vet Sci 30: 151, 1968","journal-title":"Experimental infections of mice, chickens and earthworms with Toxascaris leonina, Toxocara canis and Toxocara catai. Jap V Vet Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_14_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Heartworm Symposium '74","author":"Ott G","year":"1974","unstructured":"Ott G: Occurrence of heartworm in unusual locations. In: Proceedings of the Heartworm Symposium '74. 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