{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T16:10:54Z","timestamp":1782835854797,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1988,11,1]],"date-time":"1988-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":594345600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vet Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1988,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) in the large intestine was characterized in 12 calves (10 to 84 days old) obtained at necropsy (7, group A) or healthy animals (5, group B). Patches of mucosal lymphoid follicles were in all calves at ileocecal entrances (ICE), 23\u201342 cm distal to the ICE in the proximal loop of the ascending colon (proximal colon [PC] patch), and in the terminal rectum. PC patches varied from 8 to 30 cm in length. Solitary lymphoid follicles were found in the cecum of three calves, between the ileocecal entrances and the PC patch in four calves, adjacent to the PC patch in all calves, and in the ampulla recti. GALT occupied 7.8% of the large intestinal wall in animals of group A: 0.6% at the ileocecal entrance, 4.8% in the proximal colon, and 2.4% in the rectum. There were two different types of mucosal lymphoid follicles in group B:\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">propria nodules<\/jats:italic>\n                    with lymphoid follicles predominantly in the lamina propria, and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">lymphoglandular complexes<\/jats:italic>\n                    with lymphoid follicles in the submucosa. In three 3-, 6-, and 7-day-old, germfree calves, distinct follicle-associated epithelium covered propria nodules and covering folds in depths of the lymphoglandular complexes; it was characterized by numerous intraepithelial cells and lack of goblet cells.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/030098588802500614","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,26]],"date-time":"2010-01-26T12:39:02Z","timestamp":1264509542000},"page":"503-508","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Gut-associated Lymphoid Tissue in the Large Intestine of Calves. I. Distribution and Histology"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"E. M.","family":"Liebler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f. Pathologie, Tier\u00e4rztliche Hochschule Hannover, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 3000 Hannover, Federal Republic of Germany; and Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A\u00e4M University, College Station, TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. F.","family":"Pohlenz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f. Pathologie, Tier\u00e4rztliche Hochschule Hannover, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 3000 Hannover, Federal Republic of Germany; and Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A\u00e4M University, College Station, TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G. N.","family":"Woode","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f. Pathologie, Tier\u00e4rztliche Hochschule Hannover, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 3000 Hannover, Federal Republic of Germany; and Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A\u00e4M University, College Station, TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1988,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms1939.47.803"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_3_1","first-page":"169","article-title":"Lymphoglandular complexes in the large intestine of the dog","volume":"113","author":"Atkins AM","year":"1972","unstructured":"Atkins AM, Schofield GC.: Lymphoglandular complexes in the large intestine of the dog. 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Z Mikrosk Anat Forsch 64: 672\u2013676, 1958.","journal-title":"Z Mikrosk Anat Forsch"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_14_1","first-page":"7","article-title":"Untersuchungen \u00fcber das Vorkommen von lymphatischen Darmkrypten in der Tunica submucosa des Darmes von Schwein, Rind, Schaf, Hund und Katze","volume":"109","author":"Hebel R","year":"1960","unstructured":"Hebel R: Untersuchungen \u00fcber das Vorkommen von lymphatischen Darmkrypten in der Tunica submucosa des Darmes von Schwein, Rind, Schaf, Hund und Katze. Anat Anz 109: 7\u201327, 1960.","journal-title":"Anat Anz"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.1987.tb01900.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-198411000-00012"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.29.3.241"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.29.3.245"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9975(66)90056-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_20_1","unstructured":"Liebler EM.: Untersuchungen zur Anzahl Verteilung und Ausdehnung der schleimhauteigenen Solit\u00e4rfollikel und Peyerschen Platten im D\u00fcnndarm des Kalbes unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihrer Oberfl\u00e4chenstruktur. Diss. Tier\u00e4rztliche Hochschule Hannover 1985."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_21_1","unstructured":"Liebler EM.: Mucosa-associated lymphoid nodules in the large intestine of young calves: a morphological study with special regard to lymphoepithelial relationship and epithelial ultrastructure. MS Thesis Iowa State University Ames IA 1986."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_22_1","first-page":"291","article-title":"On the role of the lymphoid follicle-associated areas in the organization of the bursal follicle in the cloacal bursa of birds","volume":"157","author":"Lupetti M","year":"1984","unstructured":"Lupetti M, Dolfi A, Malatesta T, Giannessi F: On the role of the lymphoid follicle-associated areas in the organization of the bursal follicle in the cloacal bursa of birds. Anat Anz 157: 291\u2013297, 1984.","journal-title":"Anat Anz"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_23_1","unstructured":"Morfitt DC Pohlenz JF.: The porcine colonic lymphoglandular complex: distribution structure and epithelium. 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