{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T18:48:01Z","timestamp":1777920481156,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1992,7,1]],"date-time":"1992-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":709948800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vet Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A pathologic and bacteriologic study on otitis media in swine was performed on 237 swine, ranging in age from 1 day to 1 year. These 237 swine from eight selected farms were slaughtered due to unfavorable prognosis associated with clinical signs of illness. One hundred sixty-three (68.8%) of the 237 swine were found to be affected with otitis, though only a few swine showed clinical signs characteristic of the disease. One hundred fifty-one (63.7%), 53 (22.4%), and 39 (16.5%) had lesions in the middle, external, and internal ear, respectively. Of the 151 cases with otitis media, bilateral and unilateral infection accounted for 114 (75.5%) and 37 (24.5%), respectively. Only 5\/53 swine with otitis externa and 6\/39 swine with otitis interna failed to show otitis media. All swine with infection in the tympanic cavity had inflammatory lesions in the auditory tube. Examination of the swine grouped by age revealed that, regardless of age, incidence of otitis media was 50\u201370%. In swine younger than 1 month old, otitis media tended to center on the auditory tube, where a mild infiltration of neutrophils into the mucous membrane was frequent. Thereafter, otitis media increased in degree and extent with age. Forty (26.5%) of the 151 swine affected with otitis media were accompanied by a substantial amount of inflammatory exudate in the tympanic cavity and bulla. Purulent exudate was found in 20\/40 (50%) swine. Severe otitis media prevailed in swine between 1 and 4 months of age, showing inspissation of a suppurative exudate in the tympanic cavity and lysis of the underlying osseous wall of the tympanic bulla with subsequent fibrosis. Microorganisms, such as Pasteurella multocida, coryneform group E, and Actinomyces pyogenes, were the prominent isolates from the exudate in the tympanic cavity or in the tympanic bulla of the 19 swine examined. Most cases of otitis externa and interna (the latter infection frequently [22\/23] extended to the brain) were associated with severe otitis media. Based on these results, otitis media prevails from the early stages of life and occurs first as an acute inflammation in the auditory tube, and then extends to the other components of the ear and the brain.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/030098589202900408","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,8]],"date-time":"2010-03-08T17:19:33Z","timestamp":1268068773000},"page":"337-342","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["A Pathologic and Bacteriologic Study on Otitis Media in Swine"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Shimada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathology, Tottori University, Koyama, Tottori"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Adachi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathology, Tottori University, Koyama, Tottori"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Umemura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathology, Tottori University, Koyama, Tottori"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Kohno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Laboratories, Dainippon Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Osaka"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Sakaguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Laboratories, Dainippon Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Osaka"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Itakura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Comparative Pathology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1992,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-030098589202900408","unstructured":"Barr ML, Kiernan JA: The Human Central Nervous System, 5th ed., pp. 312\u2013324. JB Lippincott Co, New York, NY, 1988."},{"key":"bibr2-030098589202900408","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/002367786780865601"},{"key":"bibr3-030098589202900408","first-page":"845","volume":"21","author":"Ediger RD","year":"1971","journal-title":"Lab Anim Sci"},{"key":"bibr4-030098589202900408","first-page":"343","volume":"27","author":"Flatt RE","year":"1977","journal-title":"Lab Anim Sci"},{"key":"bibr5-030098589202900408","first-page":"211","author":"Greaves P","year":"1984","journal-title":"Rat Histopathology"},{"key":"bibr6-030098589202900408","first-page":"57","volume":"24","author":"Halliwell WH","year":"1974","journal-title":"Lab Anim Sci"},{"key":"bibr7-030098589202900408","first-page":"121","author":"Hawke M","year":"1987","journal-title":"Diseases of the Ear"},{"key":"bibr8-030098589202900408","unstructured":"Holdeman LV, Cato EP, Moore WEC: Anaerobe Laboratory Manual, 4th ed. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 1977."},{"key":"bibr9-030098589202900408","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1983.182.09.967","volume":"182","author":"Jensen R","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"bibr10-030098589202900408","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1982.181.08.805","volume":"181","author":"Jensen R","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"bibr11-030098589202900408","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1980.177.09.815","volume":"177","author":"Kohn DF","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"bibr12-030098589202900408","unstructured":"Lennette EH, Balows A, Hausler WJJr, Shadomy HJ: Manual of Clinical Microbiology, 4th ed. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC, 1985."},{"key":"bibr13-030098589202900408","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.91.15.360"},{"key":"bibr14-030098589202900408","first-page":"238","volume":"24","author":"Nation PN","year":"1983","journal-title":"Can Vet J"},{"key":"bibr15-030098589202900408","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1981.42.08.1433","volume":"42","author":"Olson LD","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"bibr16-030098589202900408","first-page":"478","volume":"18","author":"Olson LD","year":"1968","journal-title":"Lab Anim Care"},{"key":"bibr17-030098589202900408","unstructured":"Sutter VL, Citron DM, Finegold SM: Wadsworth Anaerobic Bacteriology Manual, 3rd ed. CV Mosby Co, St. Louis, MO, 1980."},{"key":"bibr18-030098589202900408","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.1985.tb02088.x"},{"key":"bibr19-030098589202900408","unstructured":"Wilcock BP: The eye and ear.\n                      In\n                      : Pathology of Domestic Animals, ed. Jubb KVF, Kennedy PC, Palmer N, 3rd ed., vol. 1, pp. 339\u2013406. Academic Press, New York, NY, 1985."}],"container-title":["Veterinary Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/030098589202900408","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/030098589202900408","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T19:31:45Z","timestamp":1777663905000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/030098589202900408"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1992,7]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/030098589202900408"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/030098589202900408","relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-9858","1544-2217"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-9858","type":"print"},{"value":"1544-2217","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1992,7]]}}}