{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T17:20:25Z","timestamp":1783444825589,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":163,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1994,7,1]],"date-time":"1994-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":773020800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vet Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Avian tibial dyschondroplasia is a disease found in fast growing strains of chickens, ducks, and turkeys worldwide in which growth plate cartilage accumulates in the metaphyseal region of the tibiotarsus; it is similar to mammalian osteochondrosis. Several biochemical and pathologic studies have shown that the growth plate chondrocytes do not reach their expected size in the hypertrophic zone and necrose prematurely. The chondrocytes also produce decreased amounts of extracellular proteins, such as collagen X and fibroblast growth factor-\u03b2, that are necessary for cartilage maturation. This immature cartilage becomes highly cross-linked in the collagen molecules and apparently resistant to resorption and vascularization by the metaphyseal vessels. The dyschondroplastic cartilage remains in the metaphysis for several weeks. Not until the growth rate of the birds slows down is the cartilage able to be resorbed and replaced by trabecular bone. Many conditions have been found to induce tibial dyschondroplasia, including copper deficiency; fusarochromanone, thiram, and antabuse intoxication; excessive dietary levels of cysteine and homocysteine; metabolic acidosis; and bird rearing environment. However, the mechanism(s) by which these various methods induce tibial dyschondroplasia is presently not known. Current research is focusing on understanding the development of the disease and whether or not all these methods work by the same physiological chain of events. Recent biochemical evidence suggests that a copper deficiency might be caused by a different mechanism than genetically and thiram-induced tibial dyschondroplasia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/030098589403100401","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,26]],"date-time":"2010-01-26T05:07:41Z","timestamp":1264482461000},"page":"403-414","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":78,"title":["Avian Tibial Dyschondroplasia: A Morphological and Biochemical Review of the Growth Plate Lesion and Its Causes"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"M. W.","family":"Orth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. E.","family":"Cook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Nutritional and Poultry Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1994,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00301630"},{"key":"bibr2-030098589403100401","first-page":"105","volume":"35","author":"Anderson HC","year":"1976","journal-title":"Fed Proc"},{"key":"bibr3-030098589403100401","unstructured":"Andrews PA: Disulfiram and histidine induce tibial dyschondroplasia in broiler chickens. MS Thesis, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 1989."},{"key":"bibr4-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-195638050-00009"},{"key":"bibr5-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291X(82)92044-7"},{"key":"bibr6-030098589403100401","first-page":"106","volume":"60","author":"Bashey RI","year":"1989","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"bibr7-030098589403100401","first-page":"1","volume":"93","author":"Baxter JH","year":"1953","journal-title":"Bull Johns Hopkins Hosp"},{"key":"bibr8-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/03008208909103904"},{"key":"bibr9-030098589403100401","first-page":"335","volume-title":"The Chemistry and Biology of Mineralized Tissues","author":"Boskey AL","year":"1984"},{"key":"bibr10-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199208000-00041","volume":"281","author":"Boskey AL","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"bibr11-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00309681"},{"key":"bibr12-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(89)90234-8"},{"key":"bibr13-030098589403100401","first-page":"215","volume":"193","author":"Bridges CH","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"bibr14-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-857X(21)00823-1","volume":"13","author":"Brighton CT","year":"1987","journal-title":"Rheum Dis Clin North Am"},{"key":"bibr15-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197153040-00011"},{"key":"bibr16-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197860050-00007"},{"key":"bibr17-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197355040-00012"},{"key":"bibr18-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/120.9.1068"},{"key":"bibr19-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-6009(92)90709-M"},{"key":"bibr20-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198301000-00037","volume":"172","author":"Buckwalter JA","year":"1983","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"bibr21-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198668020-00010"},{"key":"bibr22-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02555156"},{"key":"bibr23-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291X(90)91118-C"},{"key":"bibr24-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.107.6.2455"},{"key":"bibr25-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/030098588902600108"},{"key":"bibr26-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100090303"},{"key":"bibr27-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1587818"},{"key":"bibr28-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-6009(92)90741-U"},{"key":"bibr29-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)33305-2","volume":"258","author":"Choi HU","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"bibr30-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199104253241701"},{"key":"bibr31-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-102-4-1269"},{"key":"bibr32-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0934-8832(11)80188-5"},{"key":"bibr33-030098589403100401","first-page":"108","volume":"2","author":"Dinarello CA","year":"1988","journal-title":"Fed Am Soc Exp Biol J"},{"key":"bibr34-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-5288(18)31868-X"},{"key":"bibr35-030098589403100401","first-page":"14","volume":"96","author":"Duff SRI","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Comp Pathol"},{"key":"bibr36-030098589403100401","first-page":"28","volume":"42","author":"Edwards HM","year":"1983","journal-title":"Poult Dig"},{"key":"bibr37-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/114.6.1001"},{"key":"bibr38-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0642325"},{"key":"bibr39-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/117.5.964"},{"key":"bibr40-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/119.4.647"},{"key":"bibr41-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/120.9.1054"},{"key":"bibr42-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/113.8.1568"},{"key":"bibr43-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.bi.53.070184.003441"},{"key":"bibr44-030098589403100401","first-page":"261","volume-title":"Structure and Function of Collagen Types","author":"Eyre DR","year":"1987"},{"key":"bibr45-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/8756-3282(92)90362-Z"},{"key":"bibr46-030098589403100401","first-page":"191","volume":"119","author":"Freedman BD","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"bibr47-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a131983"},{"key":"bibr48-030098589403100401","first-page":"6","volume":"10","author":"Ganz R","year":"1981","journal-title":"Orthopaede"},{"key":"bibr49-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1590672"},{"key":"bibr50-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1590476"},{"key":"bibr51-030098589403100401","first-page":"170","volume":"73","author":"Glade MJ","year":"1983","journal-title":"Cornell Vet"},{"key":"bibr52-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1092240205"},{"key":"bibr53-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02279204"},{"key":"bibr54-030098589403100401","first-page":"216","volume":"4","author":"Grimmett RER","year":"1937","journal-title":"NZ J Agric"},{"key":"bibr55-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1982.180.03.295","volume":"180","author":"Gunson DE","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"bibr56-030098589403100401","first-page":"1195","volume":"62","author":"Halley JT","year":"1987","journal-title":"Poult Sci"},{"key":"bibr57-030098589403100401","first-page":"199","volume":"119","author":"Hargest TE","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"bibr58-030098589403100401","first-page":"175","volume":"119","author":"Hargest TE","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"bibr59-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-157-40008"},{"key":"bibr60-030098589403100401","unstructured":"Haynes JS: Studies on the pathogenesis of fusarium-induced tibial dyschondroplasia. PhD Diss., University of Minnesota. Minneapolis, MN, 1986."},{"key":"bibr61-030098589403100401","first-page":"5","volume":"63","author":"Haynes JS","year":"1982","journal-title":"Proc Conf Res Workers Anim Dis"},{"key":"bibr62-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.86.24.722","volume":"86","author":"Hemsley LA","year":"1970","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"bibr63-030098589403100401","first-page":"329","volume":"57","author":"Hidaka S","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Jpn Orthop Assoc"},{"key":"bibr64-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-68269-8_142"},{"key":"bibr65-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.104.5.1435"},{"key":"bibr66-030098589403100401","first-page":"377","volume":"128","author":"Howlett CR","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"key":"bibr67-030098589403100401","first-page":"302","volume":"109","author":"Huffer WE","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"bibr68-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0641157"},{"key":"bibr69-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198769020-00002"},{"key":"bibr70-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9975(74)90052-8"},{"key":"bibr71-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms1939.35.289"},{"key":"bibr72-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-8981(73)90429-4"},{"key":"bibr73-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.nu.12.070192.001431"},{"key":"bibr74-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/002367784780891361"},{"key":"bibr75-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.42B4.824"},{"key":"bibr76-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2270545"},{"key":"bibr77-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1646","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)42928-1","volume":"249","author":"Kimata K","year":"1973","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"bibr78-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1985.46.03.726","volume":"46","author":"Kincaid SA","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"bibr79-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.55.12.3184-3188.1989"},{"key":"bibr80-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-9120(92)90224-G"},{"key":"bibr81-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-196547030-00015"},{"key":"bibr82-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.109.4.1849"},{"key":"bibr83-030098589403100401","first-page":"288","volume":"109","author":"Lacey DL","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"bibr84-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.86.15.445-a"},{"key":"bibr85-030098589403100401","first-page":"276","volume":"120","author":"Lawler EM","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"bibr86-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1590811"},{"key":"bibr87-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/117.4.784"},{"key":"bibr88-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/86.3.236"},{"key":"bibr89-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/102.12.1673"},{"key":"bibr90-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.841324"},{"key":"bibr91-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1259\/0007-1285-57-679-636"},{"key":"bibr92-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0309-1651(84)90176-0"},{"key":"bibr93-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1092330403"},{"key":"bibr94-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0591892"},{"key":"bibr95-030098589403100401","first-page":"558","volume":"33","author":"Lin MT","year":"1992","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Visual Sci"},{"key":"bibr96-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-121-3-1061"},{"key":"bibr97-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02008085"},{"key":"bibr98-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0650749"},{"key":"bibr99-030098589403100401","first-page":"236","volume":"86","author":"Lowther DA","year":"1974","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"bibr100-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.79.6.1180"},{"key":"bibr101-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4827(80)90051-8"},{"key":"bibr102-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-2862(83)90080-8"},{"key":"bibr103-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-6009(90)90028-E"},{"key":"bibr104-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.108.1.191"},{"key":"bibr105-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.102.5.1931"},{"key":"bibr106-030098589403100401","first-page":"229","volume":"358","author":"Olssen SE","year":"1978","journal-title":"Acta Radiol (Suppl)"},{"key":"bibr107-030098589403100401","unstructured":"Olssen SE: Bone in Clinical Orthopaedics, pp. 181\u2013194. WB Saunders, Philadelphia, PA, 1982."},{"key":"bibr108-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/122.3.482"},{"key":"bibr109-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291X(91)91754-Z"},{"key":"bibr110-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4165(93)90104-G"},{"key":"bibr111-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198107000-00009","volume":"158","author":"Pappas AM","year":"1981","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"bibr112-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/v86-217"},{"key":"bibr113-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0955-2863(92)90107-T"},{"key":"bibr114-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1092240207"},{"key":"bibr115-030098589403100401","first-page":"197","volume":"358","author":"Poulos PW","year":"1978","journal-title":"Acta Radiol (Suppl)"},{"key":"bibr116-030098589403100401","first-page":"229","volume":"358","author":"Poulos PW","year":"1978","journal-title":"Acta Radiol (Suppl)"},{"key":"bibr117-030098589403100401","first-page":"2439","volume":"6","author":"Reiser K","year":"1992","journal-title":"Fed Am Soc Exp Biol J"},{"key":"bibr118-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN19930081"},{"key":"bibr119-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1589070"},{"key":"bibr120-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1589073"},{"key":"bibr121-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1589074"},{"key":"bibr122-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1589075"},{"key":"bibr123-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0550145"},{"key":"bibr124-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1589359"},{"key":"bibr125-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1588732"},{"key":"bibr126-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2750657"},{"key":"bibr127-030098589403100401","volume-title":"Colorimetric Determination of Traces of Metals","author":"Sandell EB","year":"1959"},{"key":"bibr128-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02012776"},{"key":"bibr129-030098589403100401","first-page":"180","volume":"15","author":"Sauveur B","year":"1974","journal-title":"Proc World Poult Congr"},{"key":"bibr130-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/rnd:19780111"},{"key":"bibr131-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00972819"},{"key":"bibr132-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12451","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)33734-7","volume":"257","author":"Schmid TM","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"bibr133-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4184","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)35643-0","volume":"261","author":"Schmid TM","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"bibr134-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197759060-00001"},{"key":"bibr135-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00071667808416505"},{"key":"bibr136-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1711010105"},{"key":"bibr137-030098589403100401","first-page":"14","volume":"19","author":"Smith GN","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"bibr138-030098589403100401","first-page":"217","volume":"32","author":"Sorgente N","year":"1975","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"bibr139-030098589403100401","first-page":"155","volume":"54","author":"Stocum DL","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Embryol Exp Morphol"},{"key":"bibr140-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5288(88)90021-5"},{"key":"bibr141-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-5288(18)30899-3"},{"key":"bibr142-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.9.4.813"},{"key":"bibr143-030098589403100401","first-page":"571","volume":"42","author":"Trueta J","year":"1970","journal-title":"J Bone Jt Surg Br"},{"key":"bibr144-030098589403100401","first-page":"256","volume":"7","author":"Twal WO","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"bibr145-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1615","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)77922-8","volume":"263","author":"van der Rest M","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"bibr146-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0621195"},{"key":"bibr147-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj1810639"},{"key":"bibr148-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1589798"},{"key":"bibr149-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0601473"},{"key":"bibr150-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/030098588201900509"},{"key":"bibr151-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1590095"},{"key":"bibr152-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1590953"},{"key":"bibr153-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.91.12.285"},{"key":"bibr154-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-5288(18)33612-9"},{"key":"bibr155-030098589403100401","unstructured":"Wu W: Etiology and physiology of chemical-induced tibial dyschondroplasia in broiler chickens. PhD Diss., University of Wisconsin. Madison, WI, 1990."},{"key":"bibr156-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0271-5317(05)80065-X"},{"key":"bibr157-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0700293"},{"key":"bibr158-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02279103"},{"key":"bibr159-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198209000-00035","volume":"169","author":"Wuthier RE","year":"1982","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"bibr160-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/030098588502200107"},{"key":"bibr161-030098589403100401","first-page":"519","volume":"106","author":"Yoon PS","year":"1980","journal-title":"Arch Biochem Biophys"},{"key":"bibr162-030098589403100401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(76)90104-0"},{"key":"bibr163-030098589403100401","unstructured":"Zeytun IH: Copper alleviation of immunosuppression and\/or osteochondrosis induced by the toxicity of methionine or its metabolites and turkey performance when fed Brewer's grain meal. MS Thesis. University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 1988."}],"container-title":["Veterinary Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/030098589403100401","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/030098589403100401","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T19:33:45Z","timestamp":1777664025000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/030098589403100401"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1994,7]]},"references-count":163,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/030098589403100401"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/030098589403100401","relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-9858","1544-2217"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-9858","type":"print"},{"value":"1544-2217","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1994,7]]}}}