{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T18:53:39Z","timestamp":1777920819875,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1996,7,1]],"date-time":"1996-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":836179200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vet Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Ninety-seven BALB\/c mice were inoculated intravaginally with 8.0 X 10\n                    <jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup>\n                    Tritrichomonas foetus organisms, using either isolate ATCC 30003 or field isolate MU Y22 2 days after estrogenization with 15 \u03bcg 17\u03b2-estradiol. Reproductive tracts were examined at several time points post-inoculation to determine gross and histologic responses to trichomonad infection as compared to estrogenized, uninfected control animals. The two isolates varied greatly in ability to maintain chronic infection; no ATCC 30003-inoculated animals remained culture-positive beyond 7 weeks post-inoculation, whereas MU Y22-inoculated animals were infected for greater than 26 weeks. Lesions were seen in 40-60% of animals prior to 10 weeks post-inoculation and included moderate uterine dilation and glandular atrophy, uterine gland abscesses, pyometra, intramural perivascular lymphoid infiltrates, and ovarian bursitis. The severity of lesions was independent of the T. foetus isolate. Lesions became more severe at 10 weeks post-inoculation, and at 10 and 26 weeks post-inoculation, lesions were seen in 60% and 75% of animals, respectively. In addition to lesions described above, epithelial changes were marked at these late necropsies, including ulceration, flattening, hypertrophy, and squamous metaplasia. The lesions seen in these mice closely resemble those described in natural bovine infection, suggesting that the estrogenized BALB\/c mouse is an excellent model for study of bovine trichomoniasis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/030098589603300406","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,8]],"date-time":"2010-03-08T17:18:27Z","timestamp":1268068707000},"page":"407-411","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Lesions of Experimental Genital\n                    <i>Tritrichomonas foetus<\/i>\n                    Infections in Estrogenized BALB\/c Mice"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"R. A. Van","family":"Andel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C. L.","family":"Franklin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. C. St.","family":"Claire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L. K.","family":"Riley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C. L.","family":"Besch-Williford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"R. R.","family":"Hook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1996,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-030098589603300406","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-4758(94)90009-4"},{"key":"bibr2-030098589603300406","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod42.3.573"},{"key":"bibr3-030098589603300406","first-page":"772","volume":"189","author":"Goodger WJ","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"bibr4-030098589603300406","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003081-199303000-00020"},{"key":"bibr5-030098589603300406","first-page":"275","volume-title":"Current Therapy in Theriogenology 2","author":"Kimsey PB","year":"1986"},{"key":"bibr6-030098589603300406","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4612-3224-7_8"},{"key":"bibr7-030098589603300406","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4894(81)90089-8"},{"key":"bibr8-030098589603300406","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.59.3.295","volume":"59","author":"MacDonald EM","year":"1948","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"bibr9-030098589603300406","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000220496"},{"key":"bibr10-030098589603300406","first-page":"18","volume":"64","author":"Martinotti MG","year":"1988","journal-title":"Genitourin Med"},{"key":"bibr11-030098589603300406","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.60.6.2375-2379.1992"},{"key":"bibr12-030098589603300406","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3283708"},{"key":"bibr13-030098589603300406","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-70-16888"},{"key":"bibr14-030098589603300406","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9975(76)90028-1"},{"key":"bibr15-030098589603300406","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/030098588802500503"},{"key":"bibr16-030098589603300406","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1990.196.06.885","volume":"196","author":"Skirrow SZ","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"bibr17-030098589603300406","first-page":"430","volume":"44","author":"St. Claire MC","year":"1994","journal-title":"Lab Anim Sci"},{"key":"bibr18-030098589603300406","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4017(89)90026-5"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/030098589603300406","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/030098589603300406","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T19:36:22Z","timestamp":1777664182000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/030098589603300406"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1996,7]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/030098589603300406"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/030098589603300406","relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-9858","1544-2217"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-9858","type":"print"},{"value":"1544-2217","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1996,7]]}}}