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Where members of Western urban societies perceived illusory distortions, members of a rural society in Africa did not see distortions, and shapes that immediately popped out in members of the rural cultural group were only perceived with a delay, if at all, by members of the Western cultural group. In this article, I try to explain, based on what we know about the human visual system, how those displays produce the perceptions reported by the subjects in this study, and why the reports differ between the two cultural groups. I propose the hypothesis that people living in a \u201ccarpentered world\u201d develop mechanisms that exploit linear perspective for space perception and speculatively compare this process to the way learning to read causes the development of a word-form recognition area in the visual cortex.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/03010066261469794","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T13:41:08Z","timestamp":1785246068000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["What the carpentered world does to visual perception\u2014A fresh look"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8741-813X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rudiger","family":"von der Heydt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/rev0000549"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","unstructured":"Bach M. 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