{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T11:05:08Z","timestamp":1790247908195,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,1]],"date-time":"2005-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1128124800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Although male psychopathy has been linked to histrionic, narcissistic, and antisocial personality disorders (ASPD), less is known about female psychopathy. The Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) and the Rorschach were used to explore the personality functioning of 45 incarcerated female offenders with ASPD delineated by their psychopathy level. Psychopaths (PCL-R \u2265 30) and nonpsychopaths (PCL-R &lt; 24) were compared on Rorschach measures of self-perception, interpersonal relatedness, and reality testing. Compared to female offenders with ASPD who were nonpsychopathic, female offenders with ASPD who were psychopathic exhibited marked disturbances in self-perception, interpersonal relatedness, and reality testing. Our findings highlight the heterogeneity of the ASPD diagnosis in women, support the utility of the psychopathy construct with female offenders, and implicate important differences between men and women with ASPD. These gender differences have relevance to the evaluation (PCL-R scoring) and treatment of female offenders. Our findings are discussed within the context of the female psychopath\u2019s hypothesized hysterical character style.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0306624x04273198","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,31]],"date-time":"2005-10-31T12:23:07Z","timestamp":1130761387000},"page":"530-546","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["A Rorschach Investigation of Incarcerated Female Offenders With Antisocial Personality Disorder"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Ted","family":"Cunliffe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Citrus Health Network, 2160 NE 56th Street, #3, Fort Lauderdale, Florida 33308, USA,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carl B.","family":"Gacono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"P.O. 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Unpublished doctoral dissertation, California School of Professional Psychology, Fresno."},{"key":"atypb33","volume-title":"An explication of female psychopathy: Psychopathy Checklist scores, Rorschach manifestations, and a comparison of male and female offenders with moderate and severe psychopathy","author":"Peaslee, D.","year":"1992"},{"key":"atypb34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327752jpa5603_10"},{"key":"atypb35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/pedi.1991.5.2.150"},{"key":"atypb36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2466\/pms.1996.82.1.254"},{"key":"atypb37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/10304-000"},{"key":"atypb38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.52.4.414"},{"key":"atypb39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02352266"},{"key":"atypb40","first-page":"261","volume":"25","author":"Rogers, R.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law"},{"key":"atypb41","volume-title":"Psychodiagnostik","author":"Rorschach, H.","year":"1921"},{"key":"atypb42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.106.4.576"},{"key":"atypb43","volume-title":"Neurotic styles","author":"Shapiro, D.","year":"1965"},{"key":"atypb44","volume-title":"The female homicide offender: Serial murder and the case of Aileen Wuornos","author":"Shipley, S. 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