{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T02:08:07Z","timestamp":1787796487265,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,1]],"date-time":"2006-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1164931200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Childhood disruptive behaviors can be precursors to later deviance. To verify the efficacy of karate, a complex psychomotor activity that enhances self-regulation and executive skills, as an intervention for externalizing behaviors, 16 children, ranging in age from 8 to 10 years, and meeting diagnostic criteria for oppositional defiant disorder were studied. Eight were randomly assigned to a 10-month Wa Do Ryu karate program, whereas 8 children received no intervention. The children were assigned to a larger karate class, composed of typically developing youngsters. Three domains of temperament\u2014intensity, adaptability, and mood regulation\u2014were measured at the beginning and the end of the training period in all 16 participants. A significant improvement in temperament scale scores was measured in the karate group for all tested items compared to controls. Karate, when properly taught, can be a useful adjunct in multimodal programs aimed at externalizing behavior reduction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0306624x06293522","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,26]],"date-time":"2006-10-26T12:28:06Z","timestamp":1161865686000},"page":"654-660","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Externalizing and Oppositional Behaviors and Karate-\n                    <i>do<\/i>\n                    : The\n                    <i>Way<\/i>\n                    of Crime Prevention"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Mark T.","family":"Palermo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Italian Federation of Martial Arts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Di Luigi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Italian Federation of Martial Arts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gloria","family":"Dal Forno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical College of Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cinzia","family":"Dominici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Italian Federation of Martial Arts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Vicomandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Italian Federation of Martial Arts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Augusto","family":"Sambucioni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Italian Federation of Martial Arts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Proietti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Italian Federation of Martial Arts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrizio","family":"Pasqualetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associazione Fatebenefratelli per la Ricerca"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2850.1995.tb00045.x"},{"key":"atypb2","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1994","edition":"4"},{"key":"atypb3","first-page":"668","volume-title":"Zen and the brain","author":"Austin, J.","year":"1999"},{"key":"atypb4","first-page":"389","volume":"58","author":"Brame, B.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.63.3.452"},{"key":"atypb6","first-page":"205","volume-title":"Handbook of parenting","author":"Chamberlain, P.","year":"1995"},{"key":"atypb7","volume-title":"Lo Zen e le arti marziali [Zen and the martial arts]","author":"Deshimaru, T.","year":"1995"},{"key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3310\/hta9500"},{"key":"atypb9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chc.2005.11.003"},{"key":"atypb10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579400007185"},{"key":"atypb11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.111.3.641"},{"key":"atypb12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/108705470400800103"},{"key":"atypb13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1131203"},{"key":"atypb14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.94.9.1580"},{"key":"atypb15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-4163-9_23"},{"key":"atypb16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-7610.00484"},{"key":"atypb17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200012000-00007"},{"key":"atypb18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8624.00086"},{"key":"atypb19","volume-title":"TAD: Test dell\u2019ansia e depressione [TAD: Test of anxiety and depression]","author":"Newcomer, P. 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