{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T21:06:38Z","timestamp":1790197598230,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,4]],"date-time":"2008-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1217808000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Forty-six seriously delinquent, incarcerated boys received individual and group therapy for 32 months. The study examined how art therapy addressed the boys' psychological needs via analysis of the boys' self-selected art productions. In descending order of frequency, the eight most frequent need themes were identity issues; need for security and tranquility; need for freedom, adventure, and fun; need for ideal parental relationships; need for affiliation and affection; erotic and sexual needs; expression of depression, childhood trauma, and other psychological problems; and religious or spiritual needs. The boys' perceptions of what was most helpful about art therapy in descending order were stress relief and relaxation, reduction of boredom, pride and self-confidence, positive recognition, working through frustration, enjoyment and fun, improvement of ability to concentrate, and the way they were treated. Three brief case histories and a description of the art therapy procedures are given. Possible implications for cognitive restructuring are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0306624x08320208","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,4]],"date-time":"2008-08-04T20:48:59Z","timestamp":1217882939000},"page":"433-453","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Art Therapy With Serious Juvenile Offenders"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Roy W.","family":"Persons","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Beaumont Juvenile Correctional Center, Virginia,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association.","year":"2000","edition":"4"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.305.5684.596"},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-4556(03)00051-0"},{"key":"atypb4","volume-title":"Adolescents grow in groups","author":"Berkovitz, I.","year":"1972"},{"key":"atypb5","volume-title":"An evaluation of the Arts-in-Corrections Program of the California Department of Corrections","author":"Brewster, L.","year":"1983"},{"key":"atypb6","volume-title":"Handbook of qualitative research","author":"Denzin, N. K.","year":"2000","edition":"2"},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1308.009"},{"issue":"6","key":"atypb8","first-page":"26","volume":"35","author":"Gordon, K.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychology Today"},{"key":"atypb9","unstructured":"Gussak, D. (1997a). Breaking through barriers: Advantages of art therapy in prison. In D. Gussak & E. Virshup (Eds.), Drawing time: Art therapy in prisons and other correctional settings (pp. 59-74). Chicago : Magnolia Street Publishers."},{"key":"atypb10","unstructured":"Gussak, D. (1997b). The ultimate hidden weapon: Art therapy and the compromise option. In D. Gussak & E. Virshup (Eds.), Drawing time: Art therapy in prisons and other correctional settings (pp. 59-74). Chicago : Magnolia Street Publishers."},{"key":"atypb11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aip.2004.06.001"},{"issue":"2","key":"atypb12","first-page":"123","volume":"40","author":"Gussak, D.","year":"2001","journal-title":"American Journal of Art Therapy"},{"key":"atypb13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1556-6676.1999.tb02465.x"},{"key":"atypb14","volume-title":"Young killers: The challenge of juvenile homicide","author":"Heide, K.M.","year":"1999"},{"key":"atypb15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02806700"},{"key":"atypb16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1541204002238361"},{"key":"atypb17","volume-title":"Paper presented at the 29th International Congress on Law and Mental Health","author":"Heide, K.M."},{"key":"atypb18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2005.10.001"},{"key":"atypb19","volume-title":"Cooperative inquiry: Research into the human condition","author":"Heron, J.","year":"1996"},{"key":"atypb20","volume-title":"Basic concepts for qualitative research","author":"Holloway, L.","year":"1997"},{"key":"atypb21","unstructured":"Howell, J.C. (1995). A national perspective. In B. Glick & A. P. Goldstein (Eds.), Managing delinquency programs that work (pp. 11-23). Laurel, MD: American Correctional Association."},{"key":"atypb22","first-page":"143","volume":"3","author":"Hycner, R.H.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Qualitative Research"},{"key":"atypb23","volume-title":"Clinical art therapy","author":"Landgarten, H.","year":"1981"},{"key":"atypb24","volume-title":"Paper presented at the Virginia Department of Criminal Justice Convention","author":"Latessa, E.J."},{"key":"atypb25","volume-title":"Adolescent art therapy","author":"Linesch, D.","year":"1998"},{"key":"atypb26","unstructured":"Lipsey, M.W. (1992). Juvenile delinquency treatment: A meta-analytic inquiry into the variability of effects. In T. D. Cook (Ed.), Meta-analysis for explanation: A casebook (pp. 3-12). New York: Russell Sage."},{"issue":"2","key":"atypb27","first-page":"51","volume":"38","author":"McGrann, E.P.","year":"1999","journal-title":"American Journal of Art Therapy"},{"key":"atypb28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781483326009"},{"key":"atypb29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.283.5409.1908"},{"key":"atypb30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-4679(196607)22:3<337::AID-JCLP2270220328>3.0.CO;2-0"},{"key":"atypb31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0024443"},{"key":"atypb32","volume-title":"Paper presented at the 29th Annual Congress of Law and Mental Health","author":"Persons, R.W."},{"key":"atypb33","volume-title":"Paper presented at the Virginia Department of Criminal Justice Annual Convention","author":"Persons, R.W."},{"key":"atypb34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-4556(94)90036-1"},{"key":"atypb35","volume-title":"Characteristics of effective treatments and interventions for juvenile offenders (Juvenile Justice Fact Sheet)","author":"Redding, R.E.","year":"2000"},{"key":"atypb36","volume-title":"Graffiti art therapy","author":"Rothman, E.E.","year":"2002"},{"key":"atypb37","volume-title":"Inside the criminal mind","author":"Samenow, S.E.","year":"1984"},{"key":"atypb38","volume-title":"The criminal personality: The drug user","author":"Samenow, S.E.","year":"1998"},{"key":"atypb39","first-page":"259","volume":"24","author":"Schmithorst, V.J.","year":"2005","journal-title":"A diffusion tensor MRI study. Human Brain Mapping"},{"key":"atypb40","volume-title":"Affect regulation and the origin of the self: The neurobiology of emotional development","author":"Schore, A.N.","year":"1994"},{"key":"atypb41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579400006970"},{"key":"atypb42","volume-title":"Affect dysregulation and the repair of the self","author":"Schore, A.N.","year":"2003"},{"issue":"4","key":"atypb43","first-page":"119","volume":"16","author":"Silver, R.","year":"1988","journal-title":"American Journal of Art Therapy"},{"key":"atypb44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07421656.1992.10758942"},{"key":"atypb45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07421656.1993.10759002"},{"key":"atypb46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-4556(95)00038-7"},{"key":"atypb47","volume-title":"Paper presented at the Virginia Department of Criminal Justice Annual Convention","author":"Tommasello, A.C."},{"key":"atypb48","unstructured":"Van der Kolk, B.A. (1996). The body keeps the score: Approaches to the psychobiology of post-traumatic stress disorder. In B. A. Van der Kolk, A. C. McFarlane, & L. Weisaeth (Eds.), Traumatic stress: The effects of overwhelming experience on mind, body, and society (pp. 214-241). New York: Guilford."},{"key":"atypb49","first-page":"75","volume":"14","author":"Wadeson, H.","year":"1975","journal-title":"American Journal of Art Therapy"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0306624X08320208","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0306624X08320208","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T10:09:08Z","timestamp":1777457348000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0306624X08320208"}},"subtitle":["A Phenomenological Analysis"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,4]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0306624X08320208"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0306624x08320208","relation":{},"ISSN":["0306-624X","1552-6933"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0306-624X","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-6933","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,4]]}}}