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Exposure to early untoward life events in models of rodent and nonhuman primates changes the neurobiology of the stress response. It is hypothesized that these changes may permanently shape brain regions that mediate stress and emotion and therefore play a role in the etiology of affective disorders in humans. The significance of experience (e.g., the intensity\/severity, chronicity\/duration, and developmental timing of experiences) and how the accompanying changes in the activity of the hypothalamic\u2014pituitary\u2014adrenocortical system affect alterations in the amygdala are discussed as critical contributors to the etiology of psychopathy. A model is proposed in which early maltreatment experiences contribute to alterations to the amygdala and produce a blunted or dissociative response to stress, a key factor in the affective deficits observed in psychopaths.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0306624x08328754","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,24]],"date-time":"2008-12-24T20:45:55Z","timestamp":1230151555000},"page":"6-21","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Early Environmental Predictors of the Affective and Interpersonal Constructs of Psychopathy"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Maria T.","family":"Daversa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Medical School and McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260505278262"},{"key":"atypb2","unstructured":"Bender, L. 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