{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T09:34:16Z","timestamp":1777714456371,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,15]],"date-time":"2012-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1350259200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Many offenders participate in drug abuse treatment programs while in prison or on probation or parole. Among other benefits, this treatment may lessen the risk of recidivism. Thus, understanding counselor treatment philosophy is important as their attitudes toward treatment can be influential in the strategies they use and ultimately affect treatment outcomes. Analyzing data from 110 drug abuse treatment counselors, this study compared counselors\u2019 perceptions of causation of drug abuse and treatment strategy between faith-based and secular treatment programs. It was found that counselors from faith-based programs were more likely to endorse religious models and less prone to support disease models as an explanation of drug use. With regard to treatment strategy, counselor\u2019s group affiliation was not predictive of a focus on either a client religious need or a medical treatment model. Nevertheless, the extent of counselor\u2019s religiosity was correlated with tackling clients\u2019 religious needs as a treatment strategy. On the other hand, certified (licensed) counselors were found to be more supportive of the medical model as a treatment approach. Limitations of the current study and policy implications are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0306624x12462855","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,16]],"date-time":"2012-10-16T01:01:45Z","timestamp":1350349305000},"page":"496-515","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Causation of Drug Abuse and Treatment Strategy"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Doris C.","family":"Chu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hung-En","family":"Sung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"John Jay College of Criminal Justice, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0306624X12462855","volume-title":"Emile Durkheim and his sociology","author":"Alpert H.","year":"1961"},{"key":"bibr2-0306624X12462855","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/16066359.2010.483310"},{"key":"bibr3-0306624X12462855","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1081\/JA-200049340"},{"key":"bibr4-0306624X12462855","volume-title":"The TEDS\u2014Treatment Episode Data Set report: A comparison of rural and urban substance abuse treatment admissions","author":"Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality","year":"2012"},{"key":"bibr5-0306624X12462855","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0306624X08320207"},{"key":"bibr6-0306624X12462855","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1473-6861.2003.00052.x"},{"key":"bibr7-0306624X12462855","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1300\/J020v18n02_05"},{"key":"bibr8-0306624X12462855","volume-title":"The elementary forms of the religious life: A study in religious sociology","author":"Durkheim E.","year":"1948"},{"key":"bibr9-0306624X12462855","volume-title":"The science of addiction: From neurobiology to treatment","author":"Erickson C. K.","year":"2007"},{"key":"bibr10-0306624X12462855","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511576843"},{"key":"bibr11-0306624X12462855","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0740-5472(95)02019-5"},{"key":"bibr12-0306624X12462855","volume-title":"Survey of structure and operations (TCUSSO)","author":"Institute of Behavioral Research","year":"2006"},{"key":"bibr13-0306624X12462855","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-60327-960-4"},{"key":"bibr14-0306624X12462855","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.278.5335.45"},{"key":"bibr15-0306624X12462855","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11414-008-9152-0"},{"key":"bibr16-0306624X12462855","volume-title":"Principles of drug addiction treatment: A research-based guide","author":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","year":"1999"},{"key":"bibr17-0306624X12462855","volume-title":"Principles of drug abuse treatment for criminal justice populations: A research-based guide","author":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","year":"2006"},{"key":"bibr18-0306624X12462855","volume-title":"The General Social Survey, 1972-2006: Cumulative codebook","author":"National Opinion Research Center","year":"2007"},{"key":"bibr19-0306624X12462855","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2005.10.001"},{"key":"bibr20-0306624X12462855","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.20764"},{"key":"bibr21-0306624X12462855","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clipsy.bpi045"},{"key":"bibr22-0306624X12462855","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780195147681.001.0001"},{"key":"bibr23-0306624X12462855","volume-title":"National directory of drug and alcohol abuse treatment programs 2005","author":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration","year":"2005"},{"key":"bibr24-0306624X12462855","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.54.12.1070"},{"key":"bibr25-0306624X12462855","volume-title":"The Assemblies of God and substance abuse: The teen challenge program","author":"Sung H.-E.","year":"2008"},{"key":"bibr26-0306624X12462855","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1606\/1044-3894.3925"},{"key":"bibr27-0306624X12462855","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781452230474.n4"},{"key":"bibr28-0306624X12462855","volume-title":"2006 directory","author":"Teen Challenge USA","year":"2006"},{"key":"bibr29-0306624X12462855","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2004). Charitable Choice. Washington, DC: Author. Retrieved from www.hhs.gov\/fbci\/choice.html"},{"key":"bibr30-0306624X12462855","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/16066350802567103"},{"key":"bibr31-0306624X12462855","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0952695110371598"},{"key":"bibr32-0306624X12462855","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2161-007X.2004.tb00254.x"},{"key":"bibr33-0306624X12462855","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.20760"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0306624X12462855","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0306624X12462855","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0306624X12462855","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T10:11:59Z","timestamp":1777457519000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0306624X12462855"}},"subtitle":["A Comparison of Counselors\u2019 Perceptions of Faith-Based and Secular Drug Treatment Programs"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,15]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0306624X12462855"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0306624x12462855","relation":{},"ISSN":["0306-624X","1552-6933"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0306-624X","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-6933","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,15]]}}}