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Although GST has received strong empirical support, one under-addressed issue is the lack of diversity in sampling population in assessing the generalizability of the theory. Using survey data collected from 335 incarcerated women in four Chinese prisons, this study examined the impact of strain and negative emotions on the level of female criminality. The strain variable, physical abuse, and discrimination, exerted a positive effect on female inmates\u2019 levels of criminality, whereas negative emotions were not significantly related to female criminality. Two control variables, age of current offense and educational attainment, were predictive of female criminality, with younger and less-educated women having more serious criminality. Implications for future research and policy are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0306624x15595412","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,13]],"date-time":"2015-07-13T21:40:53Z","timestamp":1436823653000},"page":"828-846","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Strain, Negative Emotions, and Level of Criminality Among Chinese Incarcerated Women"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Ivan Y.","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Delaware, Newark, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haishan","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dongcheng District Government of Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuning","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 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