{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T09:23:04Z","timestamp":1777713784550,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,9]],"date-time":"2017-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1512777600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>To date, we have frugal knowledge about the hostile attribution bias (HAB) and the biased gaze perception in violent adolescent offenders. This however is a major contributing factor in understanding delinquent behavior. Using a computer-based approach, presenting faces modulated in gaze direction (0\u00b0, 2\u00b0, 4\u00b0, 6\u00b0, 8\u00b0) and valence (angry, fearful, happy, neutral), the present study examined the impact of HAB of the feeling of being stared at in a sample of 27 adolescent offenders (aged 17-24 years). The study was conducted institution-intern in the Department for Social Therapy of a German correctional facility. Results showed that in comparison with faces with negative expressions, happy faces were more likely to be perceived as self-directed. Interestingly, emotion showed significant influence of the gaze perception in only two viewing angles (2\u00b0 and 6\u00b0), revealing the role of the facial expression in highly ambiguous conditions. Furthermore, hostility did not modulate the relationship between the self-referential gaze perception and (negative) facial expression. Possible frameworks and limitations of the study are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0306624x17746292","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,9]],"date-time":"2017-12-09T05:06:38Z","timestamp":1512795998000},"page":"3623-3638","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["It is Written in Your Eyes: Hostile Attributions and Self-Directed Gaze Perception in Incarcerated Violent Adolescent Male Offenders"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Zhana M.","family":"Karadenizova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Charit\u00e9\u2013Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Klaus-Peter","family":"Dahle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Charit\u00e9\u2013Universit\u00e4tsmedizin 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