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This article describes the development of an aetiological model specific to CSEM offending. Individuals who had viewed, distributed, and\/or shared CSEM (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 20) were interviewed regarding their life and sexual history, relationships, substance use, offending details, and circumstances leading to their CSEM offending, resulting in seven superordinate themes: Developmental Context, Individual Propensities (risk-related and risk-protective) and Psychological Vulnerabilities, Personal Circumstances, Permission-Giving Thoughts, Internet Environment and Behaviour, Evaluation of Consequences for the Individual, and Desistance. These themes were combined into a case formulation tool specific for CSEM offending behaviour, with the aim of providing systematic guidance for assessment and treatment providers.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0306624x17748067","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,9]],"date-time":"2018-01-09T02:06:40Z","timestamp":1515463600000},"page":"1055-1073","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Development of a Case Formulation Model for Individuals Who Have Viewed, Distributed, and\/or Shared Child Sexual Exploitation Material"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Hannah L.","family":"Merdian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Lincoln, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Derek E.","family":"Perkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elspeth","family":"Dustagheer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Surrey, Guildford, UK"},{"name":"University of Nottingham, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Glorney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0093854890017001004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdm.501"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1079063210370708"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-014-0270-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","unstructured":"Bartels R. 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