{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T20:16:19Z","timestamp":1790712979592,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,19]],"date-time":"2018-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1521417600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This study is among the first to extend and test social learning theory\u2019s ability to understand property and violent victimization. It specifically tests whether aspects of definitions, differential reinforcement, and differential association\/modeling can explain the three types of victimization of gang members: actual experience, perception of likelihood, and fear. The sample consists of over 300 male and female gang members incarcerated in jails throughout Florida. The results show that all three types of victimization can be explained by the three aspects of social learning theory.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0306624x18763761","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,19]],"date-time":"2018-03-19T07:12:43Z","timestamp":1521443563000},"page":"4124-4141","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Extending Social Learning Theory to Explain Victimization Among Gang and Ex-Gang Offenders"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1260-3557","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Analisa","family":"Gagnon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Arizona State University, Phoenix, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0306624X18763761","volume-title":"Deviant behavior: A social learning approach","author":"Akers R. L.","year":"1973"},{"key":"bibr2-0306624X18763761","first-page":"37","volume-title":"Taking stock: The status of criminological theory","volume":"15","author":"Akers R. L.","year":"2006"},{"key":"bibr3-0306624X18763761","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2094592"},{"key":"bibr4-0306624X18763761","volume-title":"Social learning theory","author":"Bandura A.","year":"1977"},{"key":"bibr5-0306624X18763761","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1541204011429948"},{"key":"bibr6-0306624X18763761","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0735648X.2009.9721261"},{"key":"bibr7-0306624X18763761","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2094589"},{"key":"bibr8-0306624X18763761","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07418829600092931"},{"key":"bibr9-0306624X18763761","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0047-2352(00)00063-5"},{"key":"bibr10-0306624X18763761","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0011128706296664"},{"key":"bibr11-0306624X18763761","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139174732"},{"key":"bibr12-0306624X18763761","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0093854809337703"},{"key":"bibr13-0306624X18763761","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07418829800093861"},{"key":"bibr14-0306624X18763761","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/353752"},{"key":"bibr15-0306624X18763761","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1891\/0886-6708.VV-D-12-00100"},{"key":"bibr16-0306624X18763761","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrimjus.2010.04.046"},{"key":"bibr17-0306624X18763761","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrimjus.2010.10.002"},{"key":"bibr18-0306624X18763761","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15564886.2012.657291"},{"key":"bibr19-0306624X18763761","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1143011"},{"key":"bibr20-0306624X18763761","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/9781503621794"},{"key":"bibr21-0306624X18763761","volume-title":"Victims of personal crime: An empirical foundation for a theory of personal victimization","author":"Hindelang M. J.","year":"1978"},{"key":"bibr22-0306624X18763761","volume-title":"Youth gang drug trafficking","author":"Howell J. C.","year":"1999"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr23-0306624X18763761","first-page":"S7","volume":"5","author":"Huff C. R.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Alternatives to Incarceration"},{"key":"bibr24-0306624X18763761","volume-title":"Robbing drug dealers: Violence beyond the law","author":"Jacobs B. A.","year":"2000"},{"key":"bibr25-0306624X18763761","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avb.2011.09.003"},{"key":"bibr26-0306624X18763761","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1891\/0886-6708.1.2.85"},{"key":"bibr27-0306624X18763761","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/449291"},{"key":"bibr28-0306624X18763761","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/351858"},{"key":"bibr29-0306624X18763761","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07418825.2011.574642"},{"key":"bibr30-0306624X18763761","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0093854812463564"},{"key":"bibr31-0306624X18763761","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07418820300095551"},{"key":"bibr32-0306624X18763761","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01639625.1982.9967588"},{"key":"bibr33-0306624X18763761","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-9125.1991.tb01067.x"},{"key":"bibr34-0306624X18763761","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-77650-7_13"},{"key":"bibr35-0306624X18763761","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5465\/amr.1980.4288845"},{"key":"bibr36-0306624X18763761","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1556-6676.1988.tb00902.x"},{"key":"bibr37-0306624X18763761","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-9125.2009.00148.x"},{"key":"bibr38-0306624X18763761","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1021941816102"},{"key":"bibr39-0306624X18763761","first-page":"173","volume-title":"Gangs: The origins and impact of contemporary youth gangs in the United States","author":"Padilla F.","year":"1993"},{"key":"bibr40-0306624X18763761","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07418820400095991"},{"key":"bibr41-0306624X18763761","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07418820903379610"},{"key":"bibr42-0306624X18763761","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2014.11.018"},{"key":"bibr43-0306624X18763761","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022427890027002002"},{"key":"bibr44-0306624X18763761","volume-title":"Gangbangs and drive-bys: Grounded culture and juvenile gang violence","author":"Sanders W. B.","year":"1994"},{"key":"bibr45-0306624X18763761","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07418829900094291"},{"key":"bibr46-0306624X18763761","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07418820802024911"},{"key":"bibr47-0306624X18763761","volume-title":"The cycle of violence: Assertive, aggressive, and abusive family interaction","author":"Steinmetz S. K.","year":"1977"},{"key":"bibr48-0306624X18763761","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07418820400095771"},{"key":"bibr49-0306624X18763761","volume-title":"Behind closed doors: Violence in the American family","author":"Straus M. M. A.","year":"1982"},{"key":"bibr50-0306624X18763761","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260508314306"},{"key":"bibr51-0306624X18763761","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022427807305845"},{"key":"bibr52-0306624X18763761","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jnca.1999.0099"},{"key":"bibr53-0306624X18763761","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0195-9255(95)00043-E"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0306624X18763761","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0306624X18763761","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0306624X18763761","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T10:09:25Z","timestamp":1777457365000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0306624X18763761"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,19]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0306624X18763761"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0306624x18763761","relation":{},"ISSN":["0306-624X","1552-6933"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0306-624X","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-6933","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,19]]}}}