{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T09:28:08Z","timestamp":1777714088358,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,31]],"date-time":"2020-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580428800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This study examined supervisory strategies for employees with criminal history from the perspective of supervisors with experience in overseeing formerly incarcerated employees. The primary goal of the study was to determine strategies used by supervisors that can be integrated into management training and disseminated to employers interested in hiring individuals with criminal history. For that purpose, 10 semistructured interviews were conducted with supervisors at Pioneer Human Services (Washington State, USA), a large nonprofit social enterprise that operates businesses employing justice involved individuals and reinvesting revenues into services that support this population. The purposive sample of supervisors consisted of individuals considered to be skilled in supervising employees with criminal history. Data were analyzed using a priori and inductive codes. Two supervisory strategies emerged from the interviews: supervisors should demonstrate cultural competence in their interactions with formerly incarcerated employees, and be knowledgeable about community resources to connect employees to resources.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0306624x20904699","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,31]],"date-time":"2020-01-31T08:21:22Z","timestamp":1580458882000},"page":"880-898","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Supervising Employees With Criminal History: An Exploratory Study of Manager Strategies and Perceptions"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"64","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6645-7968","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bettina","family":"Friese","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pioneer Human Services, Seattle, WA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Araceli","family":"Ochoa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seattle University, WA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Enedelia","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seattle University, WA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Josee","family":"Hildebrandt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seattle University, WA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carly","family":"Holmes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seattle University, WA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0306624X20904699","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0032855596076002002"},{"key":"bibr2-0306624X20904699","unstructured":"Alper M., Durose M. R., Markman J. (2018, May). Update on prisoner recidivism: A 9-year follow-up period (2005-2014). U.S. Department of Justice. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.bjs.gov\/content\/pub\/pdf\/18upr9yfup0514.pdf"},{"key":"bibr3-0306624X20904699","unstructured":"American Civil Liberties Union. (2017). Back to Business: How hiring formerly incarcerate job seekers benefits your company. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.aclu.org\/report\/back-business-how-hiring-formerly-incarcerated-job-seekers-benefits-your-company"},{"key":"bibr4-0306624X20904699","unstructured":"American Civil Liberties Union. (2019). Re-entry. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.aclu.org\/issues\/smart-justice\/re-entry"},{"key":"bibr5-0306624X20904699","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0011128705281756"},{"key":"bibr6-0306624X20904699","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/259394"},{"key":"bibr7-0306624X20904699","unstructured":"Carson A. E. (2018, January). Prisoners in 2016. U.S. Department of Justice. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.bjs.gov\/content\/pub\/pdf\/p16.pdf"},{"key":"bibr8-0306624X20904699","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2094589"},{"key":"bibr9-0306624X20904699","volume-title":"Designing and conducting mixed method research","author":"Creswell J. W.","year":"2011"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr10-0306624X20904699","first-page":"39","volume":"2","author":"Denney A. S.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Qualitative Criminal Justice & Criminology"},{"key":"bibr11-0306624X20904699","unstructured":"Engel E. (2018). Reintegrating the formerly incarcerated into the workplace. In Van Horn C., Andreason S., Greene T., Prince H. (Eds.), Investing in America\u2019s workforce (pp. 329\u2013341). W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.investinwork.org\/-\/media\/2D4A43527C2E42919C5512A1D3A23B9E.ashx"},{"key":"bibr12-0306624X20904699","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0306624X07307783"},{"key":"bibr13-0306624X20904699","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0306624X12470526"},{"key":"bibr14-0306624X20904699","unstructured":"Haney C. (2002). The psychological impact of incarceration: Implications for post-prison adjustment. Urban Institute. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.urban.org\/research\/publication\/psychological-impact-incarceration"},{"key":"bibr15-0306624X20904699","volume-title":"Education and correctional populations","author":"Harlow C.","year":"2003"},{"key":"bibr16-0306624X20904699","volume-title":"Causes of delinquency","author":"Hirschi T.","year":"1969"},{"key":"bibr17-0306624X20904699","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bjc\/azv077"},{"key":"bibr18-0306624X20904699","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2013.04.012"},{"key":"bibr19-0306624X20904699","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meijers J., Harte J. M., Meynen G., Cuijpers P., Scherder E. J. A. (2018). Reduced self-control after 3 months of imprisonment: A pilot study. Frontiers in Psychology. Retrieved from https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.00069","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.00069"},{"key":"bibr20-0306624X20904699","unstructured":"National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. (2019). Fair chance hiring fact sheet. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.naacp.org\/fairchancehiring\/"},{"issue":"6","key":"bibr21-0306624X20904699","first-page":"105","volume":"5","author":"Peled-Laskov R.","year":"2012","journal-title":"International Journal of Arts and Sciences"},{"key":"bibr22-0306624X20904699","volume-title":"When prisoners come home: Parole and prisoner reentry","author":"Petersilia J.","year":"2003"},{"key":"bibr23-0306624X20904699","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0306624X19830596"},{"key":"bibr24-0306624X20904699","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.56.3.265"},{"key":"bibr25-0306624X20904699","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2095859"},{"key":"bibr26-0306624X20904699","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Solomon A. L., Johnson K. D., Travis J., McBride E. C. (2004). From prison to work: The employment dimensions of prisoner reentry. Urban Institute. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.urban.org\/sites\/default\/files\/publication\/58126\/411097-From-Prison-to-Work.PDF","DOI":"10.1037\/e720262011-001"},{"key":"bibr27-0306624X20904699","unstructured":"Thompson J., Sviridoff M., McElroy J. E. (1981). Employment and crime: A review of theories. Vera Institute of Justice. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.vera.org\/downloads\/Publications\/employment-and-crime-a-review-of-theories-and-research-1\/legacy_downloads\/1105.pdf"},{"key":"bibr28-0306624X20904699","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-9125.2012.00283.x"},{"key":"bibr29-0306624X20904699","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Education. (2016). Highlights from the U.S. PIAAC survey of incarcerated adults: Their skills, work experience, education, and training. Program for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies: 2014. Retrieved from http:\/\/nces.ed.gov\/pubs2016\/2016040.pdf"},{"key":"bibr30-0306624X20904699","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0306624X09344960"},{"key":"bibr31-0306624X20904699","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.soc.29.010202.095931"},{"key":"bibr32-0306624X20904699","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7758\/9781610448710"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0306624X20904699","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0306624X20904699","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0306624X20904699","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T10:10:08Z","timestamp":1777457408000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0306624X20904699"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,31]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0306624X20904699"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0306624x20904699","relation":{},"ISSN":["0306-624X","1552-6933"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0306-624X","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-6933","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,31]]}}}