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Individuals found were assorted into two groups: with and without criminal records. We analyzed 56 items by reviewing medical records and health records. Demographic and social data, history of violence, criminal involvement, medical history, substance use, and other aspects related to long hospitalizations, by reviewing medical and health records. We found a profile of male individuals: single, male, with an average age of 47.6\u2009years, low education, and little professional qualification from correctional facilities or long-term psychiatric clinics and hospitals. Most men had a history of aggressive behavior, a leading psychiatric diagnosis of psychosis, and an issue with polypharmacy. Two factors showed statistical significance and were highly related to longer institutionalizations: polypharmacy and records of hospitalization for violent behavior. Further studies with these populations are needed to increase knowledge on the subject. They can help health care systems to improve and provide broad, humanized and quality assistance with multi-professional teams, aiming to reduce prolonged hospitalizations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0306624x211022671","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,10]],"date-time":"2021-06-10T19:52:06Z","timestamp":1623354726000},"page":"824-837","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Factors Associated with Prolonged Institutionalization in Mentally Ill People with and Without a History of Violence and Legal Involvement: A Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"66","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2468-1248","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gustavo","family":"Carvalho de Oliveira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Universit\u00e1rio de Bras\u00edlia, Brazil"},{"name":"Swinburne University\u2014Centre for Forensic Behavioural Science, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"},{"name":"Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"},{"name":"State Health Departmente of the Federal District, Bras\u00edlia, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marina Clara Oliveira","family":"Fraga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escola Superior em Ci\u00eancias de Sa\u00fade do Distrito Federal, Bras\u00edlia, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thayn\u00e1 Pereira","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escola Superior em Ci\u00eancias de Sa\u00fade do Distrito Federal, Bras\u00edlia, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiltanice Medeiros","family":"Bezerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Health Departmente of the Federal District, Bras\u00edlia, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexandre","family":"Martins Valen\u00e7a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"},{"name":"Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0306624X211022671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1516-44462006000600002"},{"key":"bibr2-0306624X211022671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1516-44462003000400012"},{"key":"bibr3-0306624X211022671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.172.1.64"},{"key":"bibr4-0306624X211022671","unstructured":"Arbex D. 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