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Using data from the Multi-site Family Study on Incarceration (MFS-IP), the study analyzes the fatherhood attitudes and substance use history of 1,047 incarcerated fathers. Findings reveal a significant negative correlation between substance use and positive fatherhood attitudes. Additionally, child-father contact emerged as a key moderating factor in this relationship. Despite substance use histories, fathers generally held positive attitudes toward fatherhood, challenging societal stereotypes. These results highlight the need for tailored interventions during incarceration to address the unique needs of incarcerated fathers. The study contributes to a better understanding of the complex dynamics between fatherhood, incarceration, substance use, and father-child relationships, offering clinical insights and recommendations for future research and practice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0306624x251363984","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]],"date-time":"2025-08-21T12:57:31Z","timestamp":1755781051000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exploring Fatherhood Attitudes and Substance Use Among Incarcerated Fathers"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8224-5391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eman","family":"Tadros","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Syracuse University, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jixuan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Syracuse University, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brooke","family":"Tindall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Syracuse University, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aikawa M. 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