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This study examines the trauma experiences of participants (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200930) who reported incarceration trauma and had a mental health diagnosis prior to incarceration. Participants completed demographic questionnaires, trauma assessments, and interviews. Eighteen met criteria for incarceration-related PTSD or CPTSD, although only six had reported a previous PTSD diagnosis. Participants viewed traumatic experiences in an expansive way. Experiences included exposure to violence, loss of autonomy, subpar mental health care, bullying, social environment, uncertainty, poor living conditions, isolation, and humiliation. Participants recommended greater access to therapy, vocational and educational programming, personal advocates, healthcare staff, improved medication services, peer services, and religious support for addressing trauma. Participants also made suggestions related to preventative services, systemic changes, and community transition. Professionals serving currently or formerly incarcerated individuals should also understand how inequalities within the criminal justice system impact clients.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0306624x251386468","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T09:51:53Z","timestamp":1762854713000},"page":"853-874","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Incarceration Trauma From the Perspective of Individuals With Mental Illness: Therapeutic Implications"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Silvia A.","family":"Armas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-7952-1599","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Virginia","family":"Spicknall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lindsay","family":"Sheehan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","first-page":"380","article-title":"The lasting impact of incarceration: A qualitative thematic analysis of mental health in formerly incarcerated Black men","author":"Addison H. 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