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Mexican federal, state, and municipal police struggle to create and sustain effective crime reduction strategies. This study identifies the challenges facing the state police officials that prevent the development of effective crime reduction strategies. Utilizing thematic analysis to examine interview data from police authorities in two northern border states, this study identifies five primary challenges: institutional, legal frameworks, collaboration, data issues, and community perception. These themes offer insight into how a lack of institutional cohesion, limited resources, and public mistrust collectively undermine effective policing. The study provides recommendations for how the Mexican state police can address these challenges, ultimately enabling the implementation of effective policing strategies, fostering public trust, and reducing crime.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0306624x261439098","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T09:07:21Z","timestamp":1777885641000},"page":"1530-1553","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Borderland Security: State Police Perspectives on Crime and Insecurity in Mexico"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"70","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-3085-8323","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabrina L.","family":"Williamson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Arizona State University, Tempe, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-8936-2629","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kara","family":"Forrai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arizona State University, Tempe, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guillermo","family":"V\u00e1zquez del Mercado Almada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research and Teaching in Economics, Mexico City, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph A.","family":"Schafer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arizona State University, Tempe, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cody W.","family":"Telep","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arizona State University, Tempe, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alyssa W.","family":"Chamberlain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arizona State University, Tempe, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10841806.2020.1771906"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","volume-title":"How Mexican judicial reforms may have fueled crime: Arrest trends and trust erosion","author":"Amuedo-Dorantes C.","year":"2025","unstructured":"Amuedo-Dorantes C., Ibarra-Caton M. 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