{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T11:51:28Z","timestamp":1777463488093,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,29]],"date-time":"2025-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751155200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018764","name":"Semnan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2124"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2124"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018764","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["British Journal of Occupational Therapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Due to the unpredictable and progressive nature of multiple sclerosis, the impact of MS is felt beyond the diagnosed individual, extending to the caregivers supporting them. This study aimed to explore how multiple sclerosis severity affects caregivers\u2019 occupational performance outcomes, including the role of coping strategies in these outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this cross-sectional study, caregivers participated in three groups. Group 1 (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200964), caregivers of patients with mild MS severity; Group 2 (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200945), caregivers of patients with moderate multiple sclerosis severity; and Group 3 (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200932), caregivers of patients with severe multiple sclerosis severity. Caregivers were assessed using a sociodemographic information form, the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure, and the Coping with Multiple Sclerosis Caregiving Inventory.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Findings:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 282 participants, including 141 multiple sclerosis patients and 141 caregivers, were enrolled. Caregivers reported low-to-average occupational performance, with the greatest challenges in self-care, leisure, and productivity. Significant inverse correlations were found between multiple sclerosis severity and both occupational performance and caregiver satisfaction. Caregivers of patients with severe multiple sclerosis faced more difficulties, particularly in Avoidance, Practical Assistance, and Satisfaction. Multiple regression showed that caregiver satisfaction was influenced by age, caregiving duration, and patient gender.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study revealed the significant impact of multiple sclerosis severity on caregivers\u2019 occupational performance and coping strategies, highlighting the need for effective interventions such as caregiver training programs, psychological support, and respite care, especially for those with advanced multiple sclerosis. Policymakers must focus on creating robust caregiver support systems to alleviate the socioeconomic impact of multiple sclerosis on families and communities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/03080226251342022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]],"date-time":"2025-08-12T07:51:04Z","timestamp":1754985064000},"page":"587-594","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Impact of severity of multiple sclerosis on caregivers\u2019 occupational performance and coping strategies"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"88","author":[{"given":"Setareh","family":"Ghahari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Rehabilitation Therapy, Queen\u2019s University, Kingston, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2201-3879","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Motaharinezhad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuromuscular Rehabilitation Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran"},{"name":"Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Rehabilitation sciences, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Minasadat","family":"Mirshoja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Rehabilitation sciences, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zahra","family":"Ebrahiminezhad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee, School of Rehabilitation, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2377-7-31"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","first-page":"26","article-title":"Reliability of the Persian version of the Canadian occupational performance measure for the Iranian elderly population","volume":"8","author":"Atashi N","year":"2010","unstructured":"Atashi N, Aboutalebi S, Heidari M, et al. (2010) Reliability of the Persian version of the Canadian occupational performance measure for the Iranian elderly population. Iranian Rehabilitation Journal 8: 26\u201330.","journal-title":"Iranian Rehabilitation Journal"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","first-page":"688","article-title":"Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)","volume":"24","author":"Cockrell JR","year":"1988","unstructured":"Cockrell JR, Folstein MF (1988) Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Psychopharmacology Bulletin 24: 688\u2013692.","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology Bulletin"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/J003v17n02_01"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","unstructured":"Family Caregiver Alliance (2002 November) Family Caregiver Alliance. https:\/\/www.caregiver.org"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","unstructured":"Joshi N (2015) Health utility assessment among caregivers of individuals with multiple sclerosis. Doctoral dissertation Electronic Theses and Dissertations 1509. Available at: https:\/\/egrove.olemiss.edu\/etd\/1509 (accessed 19 May 2022)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina60071033"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.33.11.1444"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000841749406100403"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09638288.2023.2251397"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13548500125141"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08870440290001557"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20703"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-024-01678-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hsc.13687"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Occupational Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/03080226251342022","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/03080226251342022","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/03080226251342022","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T13:20:45Z","timestamp":1777382445000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/03080226251342022"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,29]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/03080226251342022"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/03080226251342022","relation":{},"ISSN":["0308-0226","1477-6006"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0308-0226","type":"print"},{"value":"1477-6006","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,29]]}}}