{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T23:34:29Z","timestamp":1789169669639,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]],"date-time":"2025-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753660800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["British Journal of Occupational Therapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Spinal cord injury (SCI) can lead to significant physical and psychological challenges, including anxiety and depression. Occupational balance (OB) is a fundamental concept in occupational therapy, but its relationship with mental health in the SCI population is not well understood. This study aimed to describe the relationship between occupational balance and anxiety and depression in people with SCI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional study was conducted with 52 participants with SCI, recruited from rehabilitation centers in Tehran and Hamadan. Some participants had cervical lesions, others had thoracic lesions, and the rest had lumbar lesions. Data were collected using the mini-mental state examination (MMSE), the Occupational Balance Questionnaire-11 (OBQ11-P), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and a demographic information questionnaire.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Participants showed a mean OBQ11-P score of 18.45, indicating a moderate to slightly high level of occupational balance. Anxiety and depression levels were generally mild. A significant negative correlation was found between OB and anxiety (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u22120.519,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), while the relationship between OB and depression was not significant (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u22120.20,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.164). The mean MMSE score recorded was 28.61.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Higher occupational balance was associated with lower anxiety levels in individuals with SCI. This highlights the importance of addressing OB in occupational therapy interventions to potentially reduce anxiety symptoms. Future studies should consider additional factors such as time since injury and economic status to further elucidate the relationship between OB and depression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/03080226251352980","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]],"date-time":"2025-07-28T08:30:41Z","timestamp":1753691441000},"page":"756-762","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The relationship between occupational balance and anxiety and depression in individuals with spinal cord injury: A cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"88","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5173-693X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Atiyeh Alsadat","family":"Hasani Helm","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seyedeh Tahmineh","family":"Mousavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Occupational Therapy Department, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Salmani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Parvin","family":"Raji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Parysa","family":"Rashidzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development Department, Red Crescent Comprehensive Rehabilitation Center, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000841740407100404"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-022-02178-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14427591.2006.9686570"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","author":"Cohen J","year":"1988","unstructured":"Cohen J (1988) Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences (2nd ed.). 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