{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T12:15:31Z","timestamp":1777378531471,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,1]],"date-time":"2005-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1112313600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Anaesth Intensive Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In a randomized, double-blind, prospective trial we compared the efficacy of pre-treatment with nitrous oxide (with or without premixed lignocaine in propofol) for the prevention of propofol-induced pain. Ninety consecutive patients were recruited in the study and divided into three groups of 30 each, who received either 50% nitrous oxide in oxygen along with lignocaine 40 mg mixed in 1% propofol 20 ml (Group NL), 50% nitrous oxide in oxygen without lignocaine in propofol (Group N), and 50% oxygen in air with lignocaine mixed in propofol 40 mg (Group L). Pain scores were graded on a four point verbal rating scale (0\u20133). Eighty-nine patients completed the study while one patient developed excitement, agitation and tremor during nitrous oxide in oxygen inhalation. Eleven patients (36.7%) complained of pain in the group L compared to 7 (23.3%), and 1 (3.3%), in groups N and NL respectively [group NL vs group L (P&lt;0.001) and group NL vs N (P&lt;0.001)]. There was no statistical difference observed between group N and group L. Inhalation of 50% nitrous oxide reduces pain on propofol injection. The combination of 50% nitrous oxide and lignocaine mixed with propofol was the most effective treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0310057x0503300213","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,16]],"date-time":"2019-01-16T04:07:52Z","timestamp":1547611672000},"page":"235-238","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Effect of Nitrous Oxide in Reducing Pain of Propofol Injection in Adult Patients"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"P. K.","family":"Sinha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P. K.","family":"Neema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R. C.","family":"Rathod","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0310057X0503300213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0952-8180(97)00101-3"},{"key":"bibr2-0310057X0503300213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2044.1998.00405.x"},{"key":"bibr3-0310057X0503300213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-200004000-00035"},{"key":"bibr4-0310057X0503300213","first-page":"197","volume":"89","author":"Ambesh S.P.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"bibr5-0310057X0503300213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.1992.tb02335.x"},{"key":"bibr6-0310057X0503300213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.1988.tb06641.x"},{"key":"bibr7-0310057X0503300213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-199202000-00013"},{"key":"bibr8-0310057X0503300213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-200302000-00069"},{"key":"bibr9-0310057X0503300213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.140.1.145"},{"key":"bibr10-0310057X0503300213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03017903"},{"key":"bibr11-0310057X0503300213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.145.2.377"},{"key":"bibr12-0310057X0503300213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.1990.tb14328.x"},{"key":"bibr13-0310057X0503300213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0952-8180(96)00133-X"},{"key":"bibr14-0310057X0503300213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/54.9.913"},{"key":"bibr15-0310057X0503300213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1980.03310080011009"},{"key":"bibr16-0310057X0503300213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.1982.tb01840.x"}],"container-title":["Anaesthesia and Intensive Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0310057X0503300213","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0310057X0503300213","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T09:11:27Z","timestamp":1777367487000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0310057X0503300213"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,4]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0310057X0503300213"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0310057x0503300213","relation":{},"ISSN":["0310-057X","1448-0271"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0310-057X","type":"print"},{"value":"1448-0271","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,4]]}}}