{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T05:06:28Z","timestamp":1791176788486,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,1]],"date-time":"2007-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1175385600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Anaesth Intensive Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Fluids balanced to avoid acid-base disturbances may be preferable to saline, which causes metabolic acidosis in high volume. We evaluated acid-base and bio-energetic effects of haemodilution with a crystalloid balanced on physical chemical principles, versus crystalloids causing metabolic acidosis or metabolic alkalosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Anaesthetised, mechanically ventilated Sprague-Dawley rats (n=32, allocated to four groups) underwent six exchanges of 9 ml crystalloid for 3 ml blood. Exchange was with one of three crystalloids with strong ion difference (SID) values of 0, 24 (balanced) and 40 mEq\/l. Controls did not undergo haemodilution.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Mean haemoglobin concentration fell to approximately 50 g\/l after haemodilution. With SID 24 mEq\/l fluid, metabolic acid-base remained unchanged. Dilution with SID 0 mEq\/l and 40 mEq\/l fluids caused a progressive metabolic acidosis and alkalosis respectively. Standard base excess (SBE) and haemoglobin concentration were directly correlated in the SID 0 mEq\/l group (R\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    =0.61), indirectly correlated in the SBE 40 mEq\/l group (R\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    =0.48) and showed no correlation in the SID 24 mEq\/l group (R\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    =0.003). There were no significant differences between final ileal values of CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    gap, nucleotides concentration, energy charge, or luminal lactate concentration. SID 40 mEq\/l crystalloid dilution caused a significant rise in subcutaneous lactate. In this group mean kidney A TP concentration was significantly less than controls and renal energy charge significantly lower than SID 0 mEq\/l and control groups.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>We conclude that a crystalloid SID of 24 mEq\/l provides balanced haemodilution. Bio-energetic perturbations with higher SID haemodilution may be more severe and need further investigation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0310057x0703500204","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,22]],"date-time":"2019-01-22T22:36:57Z","timestamp":1548196617000},"page":"173-179","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Acid-Base and Bio-Energetics during Balanced versus Unbalanced Normovolaemic Haemodilution"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"T. J.","family":"Morgan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Queensland Intensive Care Laboratories, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Venkatesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Queensland Intensive Care Laboratories, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia"},{"name":"Adult Intensive Care Units, Mater Health Services."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Beindorf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Queensland Intensive Care Laboratories, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia"},{"name":"Intensive Care Unit, The Princess Alexandra and Wesley Hospitals."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Andrew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Queensland Intensive Care Laboratories, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia"},{"name":"Division of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Queensland Intensive Care Laboratories, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia"},{"name":"School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra 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