{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T12:03:42Z","timestamp":1777377822001,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,1]],"date-time":"2011-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1298937600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Anaesth Intensive Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The extent of dermatomal block post transversus abdominis plane block is described in adults as T7-L1; other authors argue extent above T10 is infrequent (supra-iliac 20 ml injection). A paediatric guideline recommends this block for upper and lower abdominal surgery using 0.2 ml\/kg. We aimed (through prospective audit) to document the multi-level block achieved with ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block in children having abdominal surgery, during a departmental training period. Data included patient, anaesthetic and surgical details, transversus abdominis plane block characteristics (anterior supra-iliac injections) and dermatomal blockade to ice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Twenty-seven children received 38 blocks performed by 58% consultant and 42% trainee operators (90% novices): 16 unilateral\/11 bilateral for umbilical (1), inguinal (13), laparoscopic (8) and laparotomy (5) surgery. Dermatomal assessment for 35 blocks (mean local anaesthetic volume 0.4 ml\/kg [SD 0.2]) revealed the median blockade achieved was 3 dermatomes (interquartile range 3 to 4) involving T10 to L1 in 75% of patients. Eight blocks (six patients) also involved T8 and T9, following 0.31 to 0.81 ml\/kg. One patient (3% of assessed blocks) had no block to ice at 60 minutes, but required no postoperative analgesia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane blocks performed by supra-iliac approach and novice operators produced lower abdominal sensory blockade in children of usually 3 to 4 dermatomes, and should be offered for lower abdominal surgery only, as only 25% had upper abdominal block extension. The optimal local anaesthetic dose\/volume, duration of effect and utility for these blocks in relation to peripheral and neuraxial blockade needs clarification.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0310057x1103900220","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,22]],"date-time":"2019-01-22T23:44:23Z","timestamp":1548200663000},"page":"279-286","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Audit of Initial use of the Ultrasound-Guided Transversus Abdominis Plane Block in Children"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"G. M.","family":"Palmer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Management, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Paediatric Anaesthetist, Pain Management Specialist and Deputy Head, Children's Pain Management Service, Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Management, Royal Children's Hospital, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute and University of Melbourne."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"V. H. Y.","family":"Luk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Management, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Medical Student, Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K. R.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Management, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Statistician, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E. K.","family":"Prentice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Management, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Consultant Anaesthetist, Department of Paediatric Anaesthesia and Pain Management."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0310057X1103900220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rapm.2005.10.006"},{"key":"bibr2-0310057X1103900220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ane.0000250223.49963.0f"},{"key":"bibr3-0310057X1103900220","first-page":"617","volume":"35","author":"Hebbard P.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Anaesth Intensive Care"},{"key":"bibr4-0310057X1103900220","first-page":"616","volume":"35","author":"Hebbard P.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Anaesth Intensive Care"},{"key":"bibr5-0310057X1103900220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ane.0000250223.49963.0f"},{"key":"bibr6-0310057X1103900220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ane.0b013e318161a88f"},{"key":"bibr7-0310057X1103900220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.2008.05774.x"},{"key":"bibr8-0310057X1103900220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ane.0b013e3181871313"},{"key":"bibr9-0310057X1103900220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ane.0000268541.83265.7d"},{"key":"bibr10-0310057X1103900220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aen338"},{"key":"bibr11-0310057X1103900220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ane.0b013e318170baf3"},{"key":"bibr12-0310057X1103900220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aep067"},{"key":"bibr13-0310057X1103900220","first-page":"399","volume":"32","author":"McDonnell J.G.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Reg Anesth Pain Med"},{"key":"bibr14-0310057X1103900220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aen344"},{"key":"bibr15-0310057X1103900220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0310057X0903700303"},{"key":"bibr16-0310057X1103900220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2008.02591.x"},{"key":"bibr17-0310057X1103900220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2009.02958.x"},{"key":"bibr18-0310057X1103900220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000446-200211000-00028"},{"key":"bibr19-0310057X1103900220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ANE.0000184045.01780.73"},{"key":"bibr20-0310057X1103900220","first-page":"9","volume":"14","author":"Wong D.","year":"1988","journal-title":"Pediatr Nurs"},{"key":"bibr21-0310057X1103900220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2006\/197616"},{"key":"bibr22-0310057X1103900220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ane.0000217196.34354.5a"}],"container-title":["Anaesthesia and Intensive Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0310057X1103900220","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0310057X1103900220","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T09:09:02Z","timestamp":1777367342000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0310057X1103900220"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,3]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0310057X1103900220"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0310057x1103900220","relation":{},"ISSN":["0310-057X","1448-0271"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0310-057X","type":"print"},{"value":"1448-0271","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,3]]}}}