{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T12:01:56Z","timestamp":1777377716545,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1_suppl","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,1]],"date-time":"2015-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1435708800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Anaesth Intensive Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Since the introduction of chloroform for labour analgesia in 1847, different methods and medications have been used to relieve the pain of labour. The use of heavy sedative medication in the early 1900s was encouraged by enthusiastic doctors and by women empowered by the women's suffrage movement in America. Nitrous oxide by inhalation has been used in Australia since the 1950s and improved methods of administration have made this method of analgesia safe and practical. Caudal epidural analgesia and lumbar epidural analgesia were first made popular in America and by the 1970s these techniques were more widely available in Australia. In 1847, physicians and the public were unsure whether relieving labour pains was the \u2018right\u2019 thing to do. However, many medical and social changes have occurred thanks to the clinical connection between Australia and the United Kingdom and those first settlers to land on Australian shores. Thanks to this historical connection, in today's Australia there is no question that women should use analgesia as a pain relief if they wish. Currently, the majority of women worldwide use some form of analgesia during labour and different methods are widely available. This paper discusses the four milestones of the development of obstetric analgesia and how they were introduced into patient care in Australia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0310057x150430s104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,16]],"date-time":"2019-01-16T04:33:51Z","timestamp":1547613231000},"page":"12-21","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Developments in Labour Analgesia and their use in Australia"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"V. 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