{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T07:42:34Z","timestamp":1790494954574,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1_suppl","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,1]],"date-time":"2016-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1467331200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Anaesth Intensive Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The Great War began just over a century ago and this monumental event changed the world forever. 1915 saw the emergence of gas warfare-the first weapon of mass terror. It Is relevant to anaesthetists to reflect on these gases for a number of reasons. Firstly and most importantly we should acknowledge and be aware of the suffering and sacrifice of those soldiers who were Injured or killed so that we could enjoy the freedoms we have today. Secondly It Is interesting to consider the overlap between poison gases and anaesthetic gases and vapors, for example that phosgene can be formed by the Interaction of chloroform and sunlight. Thirdly the shadow of gas warfare Is very long and covers us still. The very agents used In the Great War are still causing death and injury through deployment in conflict areas such as Iraq and Syria. Industrial accidents, train derailments and dumped or buried gas shells are other sources of poison gas hazards. In this age of terrorism, anaesthetists, as front-line resuscitation specialists, may be directly Involved In the management of gas casualties or become victims ourselves.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0310057x1604401s05","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,23]],"date-time":"2019-01-23T00:11:46Z","timestamp":1548202306000},"page":"24-30","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Gas: The Greatest Terror of the Great War"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"A. P.","family":"Padley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0310057X1604401S05","volume-title":"Ypres, 22nd April 1915: The first gas attack.","author":"Buffetaut Y.","year":"2008"},{"key":"bibr2-0310057X1604401S05","volume-title":"Gas! Gas! Quick Boys-Flow chemistry changed the First World War.","author":"Freemantle M.","year":"2012"},{"key":"bibr3-0310057X1604401S05","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2007.111930"},{"key":"bibr4-0310057X1604401S05","volume-title":"Collier's New Photographic History of the World's War.","author":"Reynolds F.J.","year":"1918"},{"key":"bibr5-0310057X1604401S05","volume-title":"Seeking Victory on the Western Front: The British Army and Chemical Warfare in World War I.","author":"Palazzo A.","year":"2000"},{"key":"bibr6-0310057X1604401S05","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1513\/pats.201001-008SM"},{"key":"bibr7-0310057X1604401S05","volume-title":"Medical diseases of the War.","author":"Hurst A.","year":"1918"},{"key":"bibr8-0310057X1604401S05","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.285.6357.1780"},{"key":"bibr9-0310057X1604401S05","unstructured":"Memorandum on Gas Poisoning in Warfare with notes on Pathology and Treatment. 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Human Rights Watch-printed In USA."},{"key":"bibr22-0310057X1604401S05","unstructured":"\u201cIndia destroys its chemical weapons stockpile.\u201d Zeenews.India, com. 14\/042009. http:\/\/zeenews.lndla.com\/news\/nation\/lndla-destroys-its-chemical-weapons-stockplle_531700.html Accessed 30\/04\/2016."},{"key":"bibr23-0310057X1604401S05","unstructured":"Ceremony marks start of destruction of chemical weapons abandoned by Japan In China. 08\/09\/10 OPCW Ne https:\/\/www.opcw.org\/news\/article\/ceremony-marks-start-of\u2026ws25\/2010. 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