{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:06:57Z","timestamp":1787018817467,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1_suppl","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Anaesth Intensive Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In 1683, a self-proclaimed apothecary physician and London professor of physick by the name of Guilelmus (William) Salmon authored a pharmacopoeia titled Doron medicum, the \u2018gift of medicine\u2019 (Greek\/Latin translation). This text formulates an English supplement to the Latin Materia medica (16th century), discussing internal and external compound medicines of the late 17th century. This pharmacopoeia enabled those incapable of reading Latin to provide medical care to a challenging post-plague community. Opiology, mercury, dragon\u2019s blood, willow bark, animal preparations and therapies now considered obscure, provide insight into therapies at the time. Early critical care treatments in haemorrhage control and pain management are described.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Doron medicum preceded the controversial opening by the College of Physicians of the first London Dispensary in 1698, and was published in a maturing period of medical governance and healthcare establishment in London. During the 17th century, great competition and debate existed between the Royal College of Physicians and the apothecaries. Throughout such debates, William Salmon advocated for access to medical care for the poor and recognition of an allied approach to healthcare.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>This paper discusses Salmon\u2019s contribution to medicine, which has been poorly transcribed in medical history. A selection of opiate-based analgesic therapies, early critical care strategies and animal preparations are revisited. A small chronicle of William Salmon\u2019s life and professional achievements will be reviewed. Debate surrounding the opening of the first London Dispensary will be discussed in relation to William Salmon\u2019s contribution, echoing ongoing contemporary challenges in healthcare over 300 years later.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0310057x211038570","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,23]],"date-time":"2021-09-23T07:02:14Z","timestamp":1632380534000},"page":"41-50","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["<i>Doron medicum<\/i>\n                    \u2014the gift of medicine: How a rare 17th century medical translation positively impacted the community and predicted current analgesic techniques"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3024-2823","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalie","family":"Apelbaum","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intensive Care Medicine, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0310057X211038570","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jhmas\/XX.3.197"},{"key":"bibr2-0310057X211038570","volume-title":"Pharmacopoeia Londinensis or the New London Dispensatory. In: Six Books Translated into English","author":"Salmon W.","year":"1678"},{"key":"bibr3-0310057X211038570","volume-title":"Doron Medicum: or, A supplement to the new London dispensatory: in three books containing a supplement: I. To the materia medica: II. To the internal compound medicaments: III. To the external compound medicaments","author":"Salmon W.","year":"1683"},{"key":"bibr4-0310057X211038570","volume-title":"Royal College of Physicians. A physicall directory, or, A translation of the London dispensatory made by the Colledge of Physicians in London","author":"Culpeper N.","year":"1649"},{"key":"bibr5-0310057X211038570","unstructured":"Wilson PK. Salmon, William (1644\u20131713).\n                      Oxford Dictionary of National Biography medical empiric and author.\n                      Oxford University Press, online edn. doi.org\/10.1093\/ref:odnb\/24559."},{"key":"bibr6-0310057X211038570","unstructured":"Salmon W. Last Will and Testament of William Salmon. 1713. Access via The National Archives (UK). http:\/\/discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk\/details\/r\/C1919191 (accessed 22 June 2021)."},{"key":"bibr7-0310057X211038570","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jsh\/shv091"},{"key":"bibr8-0310057X211038570","first-page":"73","volume":"43","author":"Geshwind M.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Bull History of Dentistry"},{"key":"bibr9-0310057X211038570","volume-title":"The curious lore of drugs and medicines (Four thousand years of pharmacy)","author":"LaWall CH.","year":"1936"},{"key":"bibr10-0310057X211038570","first-page":"87","volume":"25","author":"Maslen K.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Bibliograph Soc Aust N Z"},{"key":"bibr11-0310057X211038570","unstructured":"Grieve M.\n                      Dragon\u2019s Blood. Botanical.com, A Modern Herbal.\n                      https:\/\/www.botanical.com\/botanical\/mgmh\/d\/dragon20.html (accessed 14 April 2017)."},{"key":"bibr12-0310057X211038570","volume-title":"Sidrophel vapulans, or, The quack-Astrologer toss'd in a blanket by the author of Medicaster medicatus; in an epistle to W\u2013-m S\u2013-n [I.e. William Salmon]; with a postscript, reflecting briefly on his late scurilous libel against the Royal College of Physicians, entitled, A rebuke to the authors of the blue book, by the same hand","author":"Yonge J.","year":"1699"},{"key":"bibr13-0310057X211038570","unstructured":"Lyons AS.\n                      Medical History \u2013 The Seventeenth Century.\n                      HealthGuidance.org. https:\/\/www.healthguidance.org\/entry\/6350\/1\/Medical-History\u2013The-Seventeenth-Century.html (accessed 19 April 2017)."},{"key":"bibr14-0310057X211038570","volume-title":"The State of physick in London: with an account of the charitable regulation made lately at the College of Physicians towards preparing medicines there at the intrinsick value for the poor, and giving them advice gratis, Wednesdays and Saturdays in the afternoon, all the year round","author":"Royal College of Physicians of London","year":"1698"},{"key":"bibr15-0310057X211038570","volume-title":"A short view of the frauds, and abuses committed by apothecaries: as well in relation to patients, as physicians, and of the only remedy thereof by physicians making their own medicines","author":"Merrett C.","year":"1669"},{"key":"bibr16-0310057X211038570","unstructured":"Coxe D.\n                      A discourse wherein the interest of the patient in reference to physick and physicians is soberly debated, many abuses of the apothecaries in the preparing their medicines are detected, and their unfitness for practice discovered: together with the reasons and advantages of physicians preparing their own medicine.\n                      London: C.R, 1669.\n                      Early English Books Online Text Creation Partnership, 2011.\n                      https:\/\/quod.lib.umich.edu\/e\/eebo\/A34855.0001.001?rgn=main;view=fulltext (accessed 22 June 2021)."},{"key":"bibr17-0310057X211038570","unstructured":"Goddard J.\n                      A discourse concerning physics and the many abuses thereof by apothecaries\n                      . London, 1668."},{"key":"bibr18-0310057X211038570","volume-title":"Lex talionis; sive vindiciae pharmacoporum: or a short reply to Dr. Merett\u2019s book; and others, written against the apothecaries: wherein may be discovered the frauds and abuses committed by doctors professing and practising pharmacy","author":"Stubbe H.","year":"1670"},{"key":"bibr19-0310057X211038570","volume-title":"A rebuke to the authors of a blew-Book call'd, The state of physick in London which is indeed the black and blew state of physick, dated from the college, and signed by Th. G. and R.M","author":"Salmon W.","year":"1698"},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr20-0310057X211038570","first-page":"1","author":"Burnby JG.","year":"1983","journal-title":"Medical History Suppl"},{"key":"bibr21-0310057X211038570","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jhmas\/45.4.527"},{"key":"bibr22-0310057X211038570","first-page":"232","author":"Jones R.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br J Gen Pract"},{"key":"bibr23-0310057X211038570","unstructured":"Anderson S. Pharmacopoeias of Great Britain. In:\n                      A History of the Pharmacopoeias of the World\n                      . Berlin: International Society for the History of Pharmacy, 2013, pp. 1\u20138. http:\/\/www.histpharm.org\/ISHPWG%20UK_a.pdf (accessed 22 June 2021)."},{"key":"bibr24-0310057X211038570","volume-title":"Pharmacopeia Londinensis. Or, the New London Dispensatory. In Six Books","author":"Salmon W.","year":"1678"},{"key":"bibr25-0310057X211038570","unstructured":"Wood M. A \u2018weapon dressed as a book\u2019: the Pharmacopoeia Londinensis,\n                      Royal College of Physicians\n                      . https:\/\/history.rcplondon.ac.uk\/blog\/weapon-dressed-book-pharmacopoeia-londinensis (2018, accessed 22 June, 2021)."},{"key":"bibr26-0310057X211038570","volume-title":"Pharmacopoeia Bateana; or, Bate\u2019s Dispensatory, Translated from the second Edition of the Latin Copy, published by Mr. James Shipton","author":"Salmon W.","year":"1694"},{"key":"bibr27-0310057X211038570","unstructured":"UK Parliament \u2013 Parliamentary Archives. An Act concerning Physicians and Surgeons 1511. Public Act, 3 Henry VIII, c.11. London. pp. 371\u2013372. https:\/\/archives.parliament.uk\/collections\/getrecord\/GB61_HL_PO_PU_1_1511_3H8n11 (accessed 23 June 2021)."}],"container-title":["Anaesthesia and Intensive Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0310057X211038570","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0310057X211038570","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0310057X211038570","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T09:11:35Z","timestamp":1777367495000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0310057X211038570"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1_suppl","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0310057X211038570"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0310057x211038570","relation":{},"ISSN":["0310-057X","1448-0271"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0310-057X","type":"print"},{"value":"1448-0271","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]}}}