{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T07:58:30Z","timestamp":1788422310583,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,14]],"date-time":"2023-06-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686700800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Anaesth Intensive Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Summary<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Perioperative neurocognitive disorders including postoperative delirium (POD) are common complications of anaesthesia and surgery, associated with morbidity, mortality and a large economic cost. Currently, limited data are available on the incidence of POD in the New Zealand population. The objective of this study was to utilise New Zealand national level datasets to identify the incidence of POD. Our primary outcome was defined as a diagnosis of delirium via ICD 9\/10 coding within seven days of surgery. We also analysed demographic, anaesthetic and surgical characteristics. All adult patients undergoing any surgical intervention under sedation, regional, general or neuraxial anaesthesia were included, and patients who received surgical intervention under local anaesthetic infiltration alone were excluded. We reviewed ten years of patient admissions from 2007 to 2016. Our sample size was 2,249,910 patients. The incidence of POD was 1.9%, much lower than previously observed, potentially indicating significant under-reporting of POD in this national level database. With acknowledgement of the limitations of potential undercoding and under-reporting, we found that the incidence of POD was higher with increasing age, male sex, general anaesthesia, M\u0101ori ethnicity, increasing comorbidity, surgical severity and emergency surgery. A diagnosis of POD was associated with increased mortality and hospital length of stay. Our results highlight potential risk factors of POD and disparities in health outcomes in New Zealand. Additionally, these findings suggest systemic under-reporting of POD in national level datasets.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0310057x231156459","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,14]],"date-time":"2023-06-14T08:04:26Z","timestamp":1686729866000},"page":"260-267","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Incidence of postoperative delirium in surgical patients: An observational retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"51","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2015-2987","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter Y","family":"Xiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Auckland District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6114-1833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luke","family":"Boyle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy G","family":"Short","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Auckland District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolyn","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Auckland District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand"},{"name":"University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Auckland District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand"},{"name":"University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0310057X231156459","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2020.06.063"},{"key":"bibr2-0310057X231156459","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EJA.0000000000000594"},{"key":"bibr3-0310057X231156459","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2020.7260"},{"key":"bibr4-0310057X231156459","author":"Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Healthcare","year":"2018","journal-title":"Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Healthcare"},{"key":"bibr5-0310057X231156459","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2017.11.087"},{"key":"bibr6-0310057X231156459","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.2011.14"},{"key":"bibr7-0310057X231156459","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.j2047"},{"key":"bibr8-0310057X231156459","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-5994.2007.01577.x"},{"key":"bibr9-0310057X231156459","first-page":"68","volume":"128","author":"Tan AH","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Z Med J"},{"key":"bibr10-0310057X231156459","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.14953","volume":"75","author":"Xiang P","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"bibr11-0310057X231156459","unstructured":"New Zealand Ministry of Health. National Minimum Dataset (Hospital Events), Data Dictionary, v7.9.3. Wellington: Ministry of Health, 2021."},{"key":"bibr12-0310057X231156459","unstructured":"World Health Organization. International Classification of Diseases. https:\/\/www.who.int\/standards\/classifications\/classification-of-diseases (2022, accessed 30 November 2022)"},{"key":"bibr13-0310057X231156459","first-page":"64","volume":"131","author":"Galgali G","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Z Med J"},{"key":"bibr14-0310057X231156459","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyy137"},{"key":"bibr15-0310057X231156459","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.11232"},{"key":"bibr16-0310057X231156459","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.53120.x"},{"key":"bibr17-0310057X231156459","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/284780"},{"key":"bibr18-0310057X231156459","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61602-X"},{"key":"bibr19-0310057X231156459","author":"New Zealand Health Quality and Safety Commission","year":"2017","journal-title":"New Zealand Health Quality and Safety Commission"},{"key":"bibr20-0310057X231156459","unstructured":"New Zealand Government. Mortality Collection. https:\/\/www.health.govt.nz\/nz-health-statistics\/national-collections-and-surveys\/collections\/mortality-collection (accessed 26 September 2021)."},{"key":"bibr21-0310057X231156459","unstructured":"New Zealand Ministry of Health. ICD-10-AM\/ACHI\/ACS Development, 2021. https:\/\/www.health.govt.nz\/nz-health-statistics\/classification-and-terminology\/icd-10-am-achi-acs\/icd-10-am-achi-acs-development. (accessed 19 November 2020)."},{"key":"bibr22-0310057X231156459","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO). The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders, version 2019. https:\/\/icd.who.int\/browse10\/2019\/en. (2019, accessed 14 September 2020)."},{"key":"bibr23-0310057X231156459","unstructured":"New Zealand Ministry of Health. Mapping between ICD-10 and ICD-9. https:\/\/www.health.govt.nz\/nz-health-statistics\/data-references\/mapping-tools\/mapping-between-icd-10-and-icd-9. (accessed 14 September 2020)."},{"key":"bibr24-0310057X231156459","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00126869-199624000-00016"},{"key":"bibr25-0310057X231156459","unstructured":"Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT). The CONSORT Flow Diagram. https:\/\/www.consort-statement.org\/consort-statement\/flow-diagram. (accessed 30 November 2022)."},{"key":"bibr26-0310057X231156459","unstructured":"Lin Y, Paul S, Tha H, et\u00a0al. Acute delirium in older adults in acute orthopaedic wards: assessment of feasibility of routine use of Confusion Assessment Method (CAM). https:\/\/koawatea.countiesmanukau.health.nz\/assets\/Uploads\/b1484c57b7\/20600-20000days-Delirium-HRonline.pdf (accessed 26 September 2020)."},{"key":"bibr27-0310057X231156459","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2020.12.008"},{"key":"bibr28-0310057X231156459","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/neuros\/nyaa144"},{"key":"bibr29-0310057X231156459","first-page":"15","volume":"134","author":"Gurney J","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Z Med J"},{"key":"bibr30-0310057X231156459","unstructured":"New Zealand Ministry of Health. Reducing Inequities in Health, 2002. https:\/\/www.health.govt.nz\/system\/files\/documents\/publications\/reducineqal.pdf (accessed 26 September 2020). ISBN:0-478-27065-8"},{"key":"bibr31-0310057X231156459","unstructured":"Blakely T, Tobias M, Matheson D, et\u00a0al. Tracking disparity: trends in ethnic and socioeconomic inequalities in mortality, 1981\u20132004. Wellington: Ministry of Health 2007. ISBN:978-0-478-19152-3"},{"key":"bibr32-0310057X231156459","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12939-019-1082-3"},{"key":"bibr33-0310057X231156459","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.4898"},{"key":"bibr34-0310057X231156459","unstructured":"Ryan D, Grey C, Mischewski B. Tofa Saili: a review of evidence about health equity for Pacific Peoples in New Zealand. Pacific Perspectives Ltd, 2019. ISBN:978-0-473-48927-4"},{"key":"bibr35-0310057X231156459","unstructured":"Wong A. Challenges for Asian health and Asian health promotion in New Zealand. Health Promotion Forum of New Zealand. Auckland, New Zealand, 2015."},{"key":"bibr36-0310057X231156459","volume-title":"Health needs assessment of Middle Eastern, Latin American and African people living in the Auckland region","author":"Perumal L.","year":"2010"},{"key":"bibr37-0310057X231156459","unstructured":"American Society of Anesthesiologists.\n                      Perioperative Brain Health Initiative.\n                      https:\/\/www.asahq.org\/brainhealthinitiative (accessed 29 December 2021)."},{"key":"bibr38-0310057X231156459","unstructured":"Australian Commission of Safety.\n                      Caring for Cognitive Impairment \u2013 A National Campaign\n                      . 2016. https:\/\/www.safetyandquality.gov.au\/about-us\/latest-news\/media-releases\/caring-cognitive-impairment-national-campaign (accessed 29 December 2021)."}],"container-title":["Anaesthesia and Intensive Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0310057X231156459","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0310057X231156459","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0310057X231156459","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T09:12:43Z","timestamp":1777367563000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0310057X231156459"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,14]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0310057X231156459"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0310057x231156459","relation":{},"ISSN":["0310-057X","1448-0271"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0310-057X","type":"print"},{"value":"1448-0271","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,14]]}}}