{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T11:25:53Z","timestamp":1793964353375,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3_suppl","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789603200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Anaesth Intensive Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The development of the taipan antivenom in Australia is a unique story, centred in Far North Queensland. It is infused with idealism and heroism. The taipan is one of the world\u2019s deadliest snakes. A live specimen of the coastal taipan was not captured until 1950, and the antivenom only became available in 1955. Until then a bite from the coastal taipan was universally fatal. Kevin Budden a snake enthusiast was bitten in the process of capturing the specimen. Budden extracted a promise from those around him that the snake would not be killed but be sent to the Commonwealth Serum Laboratories in Melbourne for milking. From this courageous act, the antivenom was developed and many lives subsequently saved. The first use of the taipan antivenom was on a boy in Cairns. He survived and grew up to become an anaesthetist.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0310057x261486046","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T06:46:53Z","timestamp":1789714013000},"page":"44-49","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The development of the Taipan Antivenom \u2013 An Australian story from Far North Queensland"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1523-9674","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert F","family":"Grace","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthetics, Cairns Hospital, Cairns, QLD, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-024-06019-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","unstructured":"Wikipedia. Snake venom https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Snake_venom (2026 accessed August 2026)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0310057X221108562"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","unstructured":"Asclepius Snakebite Foundation. How is antivenom made? https:\/\/snakebitefoundation.org\/blog\/how-is-antivenom-made (2024 accessed August 2026)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03110057X20969528"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","unstructured":"National Library of Australia. Trove digitised newspapers https:\/\/trove.nla.gov.au\/newspaper\/article\/217204164?searchTerm=A%20middle-aged%20Woree%20cane%20farmer\u2019s%20death%20in%20the%20Cairns (accessed June 2026) The Brisbane Telegraph Wed 20 Oct 1954 Page 7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","unstructured":"National Library of Australia. Trove digitised newspapers. The Scrutineer and Berrima District Press (Sat. February 1905 p. 2) https:\/\/trove.nla.gov.au\/newspaper\/article\/127653191?searchTerm=People%20often%20die%20from%20the%20bite%20of%20a%20non-venomous%20snake (accessed June 2026)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","unstructured":"ProQuest Historical Newspaper: The Times of India. Treatment of bites: Major Wall\u2019s views deaths from fright effects. (The Times of India (1861\u2013) 24 February 1909) https:\/\/libguides.princeton.edu\/az\/times-of-india-proquest-historical-newspapers (accessed August 2026)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","unstructured":"National Library of Australia. Trove digitised newspapers (Daily Mercury Mackay Tuesday 25 May 1937 p. 10) https:\/\/trove.nla.gov.au\/newspaper\/article\/170115090?searchTerm=the%20biggest%20majority%20of%20our%20deaths%20from%20snake-bite%20are%20snake%20fright.%E2%80%9D (accessed June 2026)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2006.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","unstructured":"Earl M. Far North Queensland\u2019s Got Talent. https:\/\/farnorthqueenslandsgottalent.blogspot.com\/2012\/06\/budden-kevin-clifford.html (accessed June 2026)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","unstructured":"Pauline Connolly. Kevin Budden and his taipan; sacrificed for medical science https:\/\/paulineconolly.com\/2023\/kevin-budden-sacrificed-for-medical-science\/ (accessed June 2026)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","unstructured":"Dark Tales. Dying for Antivenom \u2013 the Kevin Budden Story March 27 2019. Original image Neville Goddard 1950. https:\/\/darktales.blog\/2019\/03\/27\/dying-for-anti-venom-the-kevin-budden-story (accessed June 2026)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","unstructured":"National Library of Australia. Trove digitised newspapers (Cairns Post Friday 23 June 1939 p. 6) https:\/\/trove.nla.gov.au\/newspaper\/article\/42167531?searchTerm=freight%20Home%20Department%20Cairns%20Iron%20Lung (accessed June 2026)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","unstructured":"National Library of Australia. Trove digitised newspapers (Cairns Post Tuesday 11 July 1939 p. 6). https:\/\/Trove.nla.gov.au\/newspaper\/article\/42189973?searchTerm=communicate%20Iron%20Lung%20first%20life%20saved%20in%20Australia (accessed June 2026)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","unstructured":"National Library of Australia. Trove digitised newspapers (Cairns Post Tuesday 1 August 1950). https:\/\/Trove.nla.gov.au\/newspaper\/article\/42676521?searchTerm=paralysed%20taipan%20victim%20Dr.%20Benn (accessed June 2026)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","unstructured":"State Library of Victoria Melbourne. The Argus 1950 Newspaper Collection. Unaccredited staff photographer."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","unstructured":"ABC Podcast Offtrack with Ann Jones. He hitch-hiked with a snake in his hand (Broadcast Saturday 25 July 2020) https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/listen\/programs\/offtrack\/kevin-budden-coastal-taipan\/12472904 (accessed June 2026)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","unstructured":"Oxyuranus scutellatus Taipan spirit specimen. Registration no. D8175 Museums Victoria Collections. Photographer: Jane Melville."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","first-page":"122","volume-title":"The merchant of Venice \u2013 Act 5, Scene 1. The merchant of Venice RSC Shakespeare Modern Library","author":"Shakespeare W","year":"2010","unstructured":"Shakespeare W, Bate J, Rasmussen E. The merchant of Venice \u2013 Act 5, Scene 1. The merchant of Venice RSC Shakespeare Modern Library. The Modern Library New York, 2010, p. 122. ISBN13:9781588368741."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/mja17.00094"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0310057X241247852"}],"container-title":["Anaesthesia and Intensive Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0310057X261486046","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0310057X261486046","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0310057X261486046","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T10:46:05Z","timestamp":1793961965000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0310057X261486046"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3_suppl","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0310057X261486046"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0310057x261486046","relation":{},"ISSN":["0310-057X","1448-0271"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0310-057X","type":"print"},{"value":"1448-0271","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]]}}}