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The different opioids differ only in the speed of onset and duration of action, and in the incidence of side-effects. \u2018Minor\u2019 complications such as nausea, vomiting, pruritis and retention of urine are relatively common. There is a small incidence of respiratory depression which is delayed for several hours after drug administration and which may be prolonged. It is commoner after morphine and after intrathecal administration, and is also associated with advanced age, concomitant use of other central depressant drugs, respiratory disease and large doses. Because of the potentially lethal nature of this complication, it is recommended that the epidural and intrathecal routes of administration are used only when patients can be closely and constantly observed postoperatively.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0310057x8701500108","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,16]],"date-time":"2019-01-16T03:46:23Z","timestamp":1547610383000},"page":"60-67","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Epidural and Intrathecal Opioids"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Morgan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthetics, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, Hammersmith Hospital, London, 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