{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T11:56:01Z","timestamp":1777377361371,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1987,8,1]],"date-time":"1987-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":554774400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Anaesth Intensive Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1987,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Six disposable heat and moisture exchangers were tested on patients undergoing anaesthesia requiring mechanical ventilation. Inspiratory humidity and temperature were monitored to find the steady-state values reached with each device together with the times taken for these to be achieved. The exchangers were tested in a non-rebreathing T-piece circuit and in a conventional circle system with a fresh gas flow of 6 l\/min: the Siemens 150 provided 28 and 32 mg of water\/litre of inspired gas (at about 30\u00b0C) in 10 and 5 min respectively, but is rather heavy and bulky. The Portex Humidvent provided 25 and 30 mg\/l, and although taking longer to reach steady state (27 and 15 min respectively) is small, light and cheap. The Siemens 151 provided 25 and 27 mg\/l in 18 and 10 min respectively, but is heavier than the Portex exchanger. The performances of these three devices were not significantly different from each other in either study (P &lt; 0.05). For the T-piece system the Pall and Engstrom exchangers were the next most efficient. The Pall device provided 18 and 23 mg\/l (in 18 and 8 min respectively) and the Engstrom provided 20 and 23 mg\/l (in 19 and 10 min respectively). In the circle system, there were no significant differences between the peformances of the Portex, Siemens 151, Pall and Engstrom exchangers. The Pall is also a very effective bacterial filter and has been found to be satisfactory in the intensive care setting. The Terumo appeared to perform no better than a circle system with catheter mount (13 mg\/l at 27\u00b0C). It would seem that more complex humidification equipment is not necessary during anaesthesia if an efficient heat and moisture exchanger is used.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0310057x8701500312","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,14]],"date-time":"2019-01-14T09:56:40Z","timestamp":1547459800000},"page":"317-322","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["An Evaluation of Six Disposable Heat and Moisture Exchangers"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"M. J.","family":"Turtle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. H.","family":"Ilsley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. J.","family":"Rutten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W. B.","family":"Runciman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1987,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0310057X8701500312","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.1969.tb02914.x"},{"key":"bibr2-0310057X8701500312","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/44.8.879"},{"key":"bibr3-0310057X8701500312","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/51.5.389"},{"key":"bibr4-0310057X8701500312","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.5326.300"},{"key":"bibr5-0310057X8701500312","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0310057X8100900311"},{"key":"bibr6-0310057X8701500312","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0310057X8601400419"},{"key":"bibr7-0310057X8701500312","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(62)91187-X"},{"key":"bibr8-0310057X8701500312","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/45.8.874"},{"key":"bibr9-0310057X8701500312","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-197209000-00010"},{"key":"bibr10-0310057X8701500312","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/53.10.1073"},{"key":"bibr11-0310057X8701500312","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/45.4.363"},{"key":"bibr12-0310057X8701500312","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/46.10.773"},{"key":"bibr13-0310057X8701500312","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-197412000-00012"},{"key":"bibr14-0310057X8701500312","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.1976.tb11950.x"},{"key":"bibr15-0310057X8701500312","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.1979.tb06258.x"},{"key":"bibr16-0310057X8701500312","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.1983.tb01977.x"},{"key":"bibr17-0310057X8701500312","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-198308000-00010"},{"key":"bibr18-0310057X8701500312","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-198406000-00003"},{"key":"bibr19-0310057X8701500312","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.1986.tb13279.x"},{"key":"bibr20-0310057X8701500312","first-page":"33","volume":"13","author":"Weekes DB","year":"1986","journal-title":"Anesthesiology Rev"},{"key":"bibr21-0310057X8701500312","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0310057X8100900404"},{"key":"bibr22-0310057X8701500312","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0310057X7300100304"},{"key":"bibr23-0310057X8701500312","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-198603000-00017"},{"key":"bibr24-0310057X8701500312","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/49.10.965"},{"key":"bibr25-0310057X8701500312","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-197903000-00005"},{"key":"bibr26-0310057X8701500312","first-page":"4","volume":"32","author":"Duberstein R","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Parenteral Drug Association"},{"key":"bibr27-0310057X8701500312","unstructured":"LathamMJ. 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