{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T08:39:22Z","timestamp":1792485562225,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,1]],"date-time":"2010-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1291161600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cephalalgia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Despite being an excruciating headache, little is known about the burden of cluster headache (CH) regarding its various subtypes. In a multicentre, prospective study, patients with chronic CH ( n\u2009=\u200927), with episodic CH in the active ( n\u2009=\u200926) and outside the active period ( n\u2009=\u200922), migraine patients ( n\u2009=\u200924) and healthy controls ( n\u2009=\u200931) were included. Epidemiological data, the German version of the Headache Disability Inventory (HDI) and a screening for psychiatric complaints were applied. About 25% of chronic CH patients in our study received invalidity allowance due to CH. HDI scores (total and subscales emotion and function) indicated a severe headache-specific disability (one-way ANOVA: P\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). Patients with chronic and active episodic CH were significantly more affected than patients with inactive CH and migraine. Healthy volunteers were significantly less affected than all headache patients. Symptoms suggestive of psychiatric co-morbidity were found predominantly in chronic CH: depressive symptoms (56%), signs of agoraphobia (33%) and suicidal tendencies (25%) were frequently reported. Patients with chronic and active episodic CH were severely impaired in non-economic and economic domains such as disability, working life and psychiatric complaints. Remarkably, psychiatric co-morbidity was highest in chronic CH. Thus, especially chronic CH warrants special medical and further supportive care.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102410391489","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,2]],"date-time":"2010-12-02T00:53:47Z","timestamp":1291251227000},"page":"671-682","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":100,"title":["Impairment in episodic and chronic cluster headache"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Tim P","family":"J\u00fcrgens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Regensburg, Germany."},{"name":"Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany."},{"name":"Tim P. J\u00fcrgens and Charly Gaul contributed equally to this work."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charly","family":"Gaul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Halle, Germany."},{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Essen, Germany."},{"name":"Tim P. J\u00fcrgens and Charly Gaul contributed equally to this work."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Lindwurm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Regensburg, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Dresler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of W\u00fcrzburg, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yvonne","family":"Paelecke-Habermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Halle, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tobias","family":"Schmidt-Wilcke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Regensburg, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ralf","family":"L\u00fcrding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Regensburg, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karsten","family":"Henkel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kiel Headache Centre, Kiel, Germany."},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, RWTH Aachen University, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elke","family":"Leinisch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Regensburg, Germany."},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Helios Klinikum, Erfurt, 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Neurometabolic correlates of depression and disability in episodic cluster headache.\n                      J Neurol\n                      2010; Aug 25. [Epub ahead of print], DOI 10.1007\/s00415-010-5704-3.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-010-5704-3"},{"key":"bibr37-0333102410391489","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-2982.2000.00118.x"},{"key":"bibr38-0333102410391489","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leone M, Franzini A, Cecchini AP, Mea E, Broggi G and Bussone G. Costs of hypothalamic stimulation in chronic drug-resistant cluster headache: preliminary data.\n                      Neurol Sci\n                      2009; 30(Suppl 1): S43\u2013S47.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-009-0057-3"},{"key":"bibr39-0333102410391489","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J\u00fcrgens TP, May A. 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