{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T19:16:14Z","timestamp":1777490174260,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,9]],"date-time":"2012-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1331251200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cephalalgia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Osmophobia is frequent in children with migraine (20\u201335%) but can also occur in up to 14% of cases with tension-type headache (TTH). So far, the prognostic role of this symptom in children with primary headaches has never been evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Methods: A longitudinal prospective study was conducted on 90 young patients with TTH (37 with osmophobia, 53 without osmophobia). We evaluated whether osmophobia could predict the diagnosis transformation from TTH to migraine after a 3-year follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Results and Discussion: In our cases the rate of diagnosis change was significantly greater in cases with osmophobia (62%) than in those without (23%). Osmophobia persisted at a 3-year follow-up in the majority of our cases (85%) and it was found to be one of the major predictors for the development of migraine; other predictors of evolution to migraine were phonophobia, a probable rather than certain diagnosis of TTH and olfactory triggers (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conclusion: Our data confirm that osmophobia has an important diagnostic and prognostic role in children with primary headaches and should be systematically investigated at diagnosis and during follow-up.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102412438975","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,9]],"date-time":"2012-03-09T22:01:32Z","timestamp":1331330492000},"page":"401-406","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Osmophobia as an early marker of migraine: A follow-up study in juvenile patients"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Debora","family":"De Carlo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Juvenile Headache Centre, Department of Paediatrics University of Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Toldo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Juvenile Headache Centre, Department of Paediatrics University of Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lara","family":"Dal Zotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Juvenile Headache Centre, Department of Paediatrics University of Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Egle","family":"Perissinotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, University of Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Sartori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Juvenile Headache Centre, Department of Paediatrics University of Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michela","family":"Gatta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Juvenile Headache Centre, Department of Paediatrics University of Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Umberto","family":"Balottin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, \u201cIRCCS Neurological Institute C. Mondino Foundation\u201d, University of Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Mazzotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Perugia and ASL n\u00b04, Terni, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Davide","family":"Moscato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Headache Centre, San Carlo IDI Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Raieli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child Neuropsychiatry Division \u201cG.F. Ingrassia\u201d Hospital, AUSL n\u00b06, Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Livia Nicoletta","family":"Rossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Paediatric Department, University of Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Sangermani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Unit \u201cSan Carlo Borromeo\u201d Hospital Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Soriani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Paediatrics, University of Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristiano","family":"Termine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences Varese, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elisabetta","family":"Tozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine, University of L\u2019Aquila, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angelo","family":"Vecchio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child Neuropsychiatry Division, University of Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giorgio","family":"Zanchin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Headache Centre, Department of Neurosciences, University of Padua Medical School, Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pier Antonio","family":"Battistella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Juvenile Headache Centre, Department of Paediatrics University of Padua, 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