{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T07:13:53Z","timestamp":1790666033257,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,5]],"date-time":"2014-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1417737600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cephalalgia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We studied the association between stress intensity and headache frequency for tension-type headache (TTH), migraine and migraine with coexisting TTH (MigTTH).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We studied a population-based sample of 5159 participants (21\u201371 years) who were asked quarterly between March 2010 and April 2012 about headache and stress. Log-linear regression in the framework of generalized estimating equations was used to estimate regression coefficients presented as percent changes to describe the association between stress intensity (modified visual analog scale (VAS) from 0 to 100) and headache frequency (days\/month) stratified by headache subtypes and age groups and adjusted for sex, age, frequent intake of acute pain drugs, drinking, smoking, BMI and education.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>TTH was reported in 31% participants (48.1\u2009\u00b1\u200912.5years, 51.5% women, 2.2\u2009\u00b1\u20093.9 mean headache days\/month, 52.3\u2009\u00b1\u200926.7 mean stress), migraine in 14% (44.8\u2009\u00b1\u200911.3years, 73.3%, 4.5\u2009\u00b1\u20095.2 days\/month, 62.4\u2009\u00b1\u200923.3), MigTTH in 10.6% (43.5\u2009\u00b1\u200911.5 years, 61.0%, 3.6\u2009\u00b1\u20094.8 days\/month, 58.6\u2009\u00b1\u200924.1), 23.6% were unclassifiable, and 20.8% had no headache. In participants with TTH an increase of 10 points on VAS was associated with an increase of headaches days\/month of 6.0% (adjusted). Higher effects were observed in younger age groups (21\u201330\/31\u201340\/41\u201350\/51\u201360\/61\u201371 years: 9.8\/10.2\/7.0\/6.5\/3.5%). Slightly lower effects were observed for migraine (4.3%, 8.1\/5.1\/3.4\/6.3\/0.3%) and MigTTH (4.2%, 5.5\/6.8\/6.9\/5.8\/\u20130.7%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study provides evidence for an association between stress intensity and headache frequency.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102414563087","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,5]],"date-time":"2014-12-05T22:53:19Z","timestamp":1417819999000},"page":"853-863","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":79,"title":["The association between stress and headache: A longitudinal population-based study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Sara H","family":"Schramm","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital of University Duisburg-Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanne","family":"Moebus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital of University Duisburg-Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nils","family":"Lehmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital of University Duisburg-Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ursula","family":"Galli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Center for Psychotherapy, University of Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Obermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University Hospital of University Duisburg-Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Bock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital of University Duisburg-Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min-Suk","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, St. Joseph Hospital, Ruhr-University of Bochum, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans-Christoph","family":"Diener","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University Hospital of University Duisburg-Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zaza","family":"Katsarava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Evangelisches Krankenhaus Unna, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0333102414563087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Swanson SA, Zeng Y, Weeks M, et\u00a0al. 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