{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T20:48:15Z","timestamp":1789505295482,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,29]],"date-time":"2017-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1496016000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cephalalgia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Migraine is highly prevalent in women (18%). Peak morbidity affects their most productive years, coinciding with peak fertility. Hormonal contraception is often tailored for migraine prevention. Estrogen-containing contraceptives may be contraindicated in women experiencing migraine with aura due to the risk of vascular events. While improvements in migraine with a progestin-only pill (POP), which inhibits ovulation are documented, the strength and quality of evidence has not been formally evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine the effectiveness of progestin-only contraceptives for migraine treatment by systematic review and meta-analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data sources and selection<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Libraries were searched (1980 to September 2016) for studies on progestin-only treatments for migraine. Studies in English on &gt;4 non-menopausal women aged 18\u201350 with migraine diagnosed by formal criteria were included.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data extraction and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data were quality-assessed using the GRADE system. A random effects model was used for pooled analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pooled analyses of four studies demonstrated that desogestrel 75\u2009mcg\/day, POP significantly but modestly reduced the number of migraine attacks and migraine days. Reduced intensity and duration, reduced analgesic and triptan use were observed, along with improved headache-related quality of life. GRADE analysis indicated evidence was low to very low for each outcome measure. Adverse effects resulted in treatment cessation for &lt;10% of participants. Two studies compared desogestrel POP to a combined oral contraceptive, demonstrating similar migraine outcomes for both treatments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The desogestrel POP shows promise in improving migraine in women. Current evidence is observational and based on small samples of women using only one oral progestin-only formulation. Further randomized trials on additional progestin-only contraceptives are required to confirm their role in migraine management.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102417710636","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,30]],"date-time":"2017-05-30T00:45:37Z","timestamp":1496105137000},"page":"754-764","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Effectiveness of the progestin-only pill for migraine treatment in women: A systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Samantha","family":"Warhurst","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Timaru Hospital, Timaru, Canterbury, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher J","family":"Rofe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St Vincent\u2019s Hospital, Darlinghurst, Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruce J","family":"Brew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St Vincent\u2019s Hospital, Darlinghurst, Sydney, Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah","family":"Bateson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"},{"name":"Family Planning NSW, Ashfield, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"McGeechan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Family Planning NSW, Ashfield, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriele S","family":"Merki-Feld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Reproductive Endocrinology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raymond","family":"Garrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St Vincent\u2019s Hospital, Darlinghurst, Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan E","family":"Tomlinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St Vincent\u2019s Hospital, Darlinghurst, Sydney, Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0333102417710636","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000252808.97649.21"},{"key":"bibr2-0333102417710636","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/head.12034"},{"key":"bibr3-0333102417710636","first-page":"835","volume":"18","author":"Brandes JL","year":"2012","journal-title":"Continuum"},{"key":"bibr4-0333102417710636","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.295.15.1824"},{"key":"bibr5-0333102417710636","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2011.01857.x"},{"key":"bibr6-0333102417710636","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102415580099"},{"key":"bibr7-0333102417710636","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/WHE.12.37"},{"key":"bibr8-0333102417710636","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/11538090-000000000-00000"},{"key":"bibr9-0333102417710636","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2006.00309.x"},{"key":"bibr10-0333102417710636","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2006.00710.x"},{"key":"bibr11-0333102417710636","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2982.2007.01279.x"},{"key":"bibr12-0333102417710636","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/head.12640"},{"key":"bibr13-0333102417710636","unstructured":"World Health Organization.\n                      Medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use: A WHO family planning cornerstone\n                      , 5th Edn. 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London: Faculty of Sexual and Reproductive Healthcare. http:\/\/www.fsrh.org\/standards-and-guidance\/documents\/ukmec-2016\/ (accessed 11 October 2016)."},{"key":"bibr15-0333102417710636","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2016.04.016"},{"key":"bibr16-0333102417710636","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-2982.1996.1604239.x"},{"key":"bibr17-0333102417710636","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1129-2377-14-66"},{"key":"bibr18-0333102417710636","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/14737175.2016.1127161"},{"key":"bibr19-0333102417710636","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.283.15.2008"},{"key":"bibr20-0333102417710636","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000097"},{"key":"bibr21-0333102417710636","unstructured":"Review Manager (RevMan). 5.3 ed. 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