{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T19:26:53Z","timestamp":1777490813913,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,18]],"date-time":"2018-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1539820800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Programme Grants for Applied Research programme","award":["RP-PG-1212-20018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RP-PG-1212-20018"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cephalalgia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background or aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite guidelines and the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-III beta) criteria, the diagnosis of common chronic headache disorders can be challenging for non-expert clinicians. The aim of the review was to identify headache classification tools that could be used by a non-expert clinician to classify common chronic disorders in primary care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a systematic literature review of studies validating diagnostic and classification headache tools published between Jan 1988 and June 2016 from key databases: MEDLINE, ASSIA, Embase, Web of Knowledge and PsycINFO. Quality assessment was assessed using items of the Quality of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The search identified 38 papers reporting the validation of 30 tools designed to diagnose, classify or screen for headache disorders; nine for multiple headache types, and 21 for one headache type only. We did not identify a tool validated in a primary care that can be used by a non-expert clinician to classify common chronic headache disorders and screen for primary headaches other than migraine and tension-type headache in primary care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite the availability of many headache classification tools we propose the need for a tool that could support primary care clinicians in diagnosing and managing chronic headache disorders within primary care, and allow more targeted referral to headache specialists.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102418806864","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,18]],"date-time":"2018-10-18T12:46:17Z","timestamp":1539866777000},"page":"761-784","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Diagnostic and classification tools for chronic headache disorders: A systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Rachel","family":"Potter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Warwick Clinical Trials Unit, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katrin","family":"Probyn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham Hill, Egham, Surrey, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Celia","family":"Bernstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Warwick Clinical Trials Unit, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tamar","family":"Pincus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham Hill, Egham, Surrey, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Underwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Warwick Clinical Trials Unit, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manjit","family":"Matharu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Headache Group, Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0333102418806864","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Latinovic R, Gulliford M and Ridsdale L. Headache and migraine in primary care: consultation, prescription, and referral rates in a large population.\n                      J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry\n                      2006; 77: 385\u2013387.","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2005.073221"},{"key":"bibr2-0333102418806864","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hopkins A, Menken M and DeFriese G. A record of patient encounters in neurological practice in the United Kingdom.\n                      J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry\n                      1989; 52: 436\u2013438.","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.52.4.436"},{"key":"bibr3-0333102418806864","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3399\/bjgp08X264072"},{"key":"bibr4-0333102418806864","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schreiber CP, Hutchinson S, Webster CJ, et al. 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